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论文编号：	14673
作者编号：	2120223629
上传时间：	2024/6/5 21:24:26
中文题目：	考虑时变环境的多时段救护车布局优化研究
英文题目：	Research on Location Optimization of Multi-Period Ambulance Considering Time-Varying Environments
指导老师：	王谦
中文关键字：	救护车布局；院前急救系统；混合整数规划；仿真模型；多时段
英文关键字：	ambulance location; pre-hospital emergency system; mixed-integer programming; simulation model; mutli-period
中文摘要：	院前急救医疗系统是现代急诊医疗体系中重要的一环。救护车作为院前急救医疗系统中唯一可移动的医疗资源，在急救过程中有着不可替代的作用。本文研究独立型模式院前急救系统的多时段救护车布局优化问题。独立型院前急救医疗系统中设置有独立的急救中心，所有救护车和急救资源受急救中心的统一管理和统一调派。急救呼叫到达后，急救中心派遣能最快到达的救护车前往紧急呼叫点执行急救任务，救护车到达现场急救人员会对急救患者进行基本的生命体征维持，继而将患者转运到最快到达的急诊中心接受进一步治疗。 本文所研究的布局问题指的是要将救护车停放在哪些急救站点上才能实现院前急救响应效率最大化。本文所考虑时变环境主要包括呼叫的不确定性、救护车的不可用性、交通状况的不确定性，建立了以最小化急救响应时间和患者转运时间，最大化呼叫覆盖率为优化目标的救护车布局问题的混合整数规划模型。考虑到该规划模型的 NP-Hard 属性，本文设计了求解算法，并创新性地提出了两个概念：救护车需求强度和呼叫覆盖强度，它们作为算法迭代过程中的决策因子，有利于找到优化的方向，提高算法的求解效率。最后采用天津市市内十区真实呼叫数据验证了混合整数规划模型和求解算法的有效性，并搭建以天津市真实路网为基础的仿真模型检验了求解算法给出的最优救护车布局方案的运行情况。本文还进行数值实验验证了分时段进行救护车布局优化的有效性和必要性。 本文所提出的考虑时变环境的多时段救护车布局优化模型能够对于我国城市救护车布局决策具有积极的参考价值，在一定程度上提高院前急救系统的运行效率，为群众提供更强有力的生命保障，本研究具有较大的理论意义和实际意义。
英文摘要：	The pre-hospital emergency medical system is an essential component of modern emergency medical care. Ambulances, as the only mobile medical resources in the pre-hospital emergency medical system, play an irreplaceable role in the emergency process. This thesis investigates the optimization problem of multi-period ambulance location in an independent pre-hospital emergency medical system. In an independent prehospital emergency medical system, there is a dedicated emergency center responsible for managing and dispatching all ambulances and emergency resources. When a new emergency call occurs, the emergency center dispatches the nearest ambulance to the emergency call location to carry out the emergency task. Upon arrival at the scene, emergency personnel provide basic life support for the emergency patients, and subsequently transfer them to the nearest emergency center for further treatment. The location problem studied in this thesis refers to determining which emergency stations ambulances should be parked at in order to maximize the efficiency of both the response phase and the transportation phase in the pre-hospital emergency response process. This thesis considers the time-varying environment primarily in terms of the uncertainty of emergency calls, the availability of ambulances, and the uncertainty of traffic conditions. A mixed-integer programming model is established in this thesis with the objective of minimizing the emergency response time and patient transportation time, while maximizing the coverage rate of emergency calls for the ambulance location problem. Considering the NP-Hard nature of the optimization model, this thesis designs an algorithm that incorporates two innovative concepts: ambulance demand intensity and call coverage intensity. These factors serve as decision-making components in the algorithm's iterative process, aiding in identifying directions for rapid gradient descent and enhancing the efficiency of the solution algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the mixed-integer programming model and solution algorithm was validated using real call data from ten districts within Tianjin city. Additionally, a simulation model based on the actual road network of Tianjin was constructed to examine the operational performance of the optimal ambulance location proposed by the solution algorithm. The effectiveness and necessity of optimizing ambulance location in different time periods were further validated through numerical experiments in this thesis. The proposed multi-period ambulance location optimization model considering time-varying environments can improve the operational efficiency of pre-hospital emergency medical systems to some extent, providing stronger life assurance for the public. This thesis holds significant theoretical and practical implications.
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