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论文编号：	14399
作者编号：	2320200558
上传时间：	2023/12/13 15:10:19
中文题目：	“双碳”背景下HC能源集团发展战略研究
英文题目：	Research on the Development Strategy of HC Energy Group under the Background of "Dual Carbon"
指导老师：	李元
中文关键字：	双碳目标；清洁可再生能源；集中供热；发展战略；碳排放
英文关键字：	Dual carbon targets; Clean and renewable energy; Central heating; Development strategy; Carbon emission
中文摘要：	“碳达峰，碳中和”是我国未来40年内的首要目标，想要完成这个里程碑式的目标，我国的能源结构将迎来革命性的变革。随着人类的发展，社会的进步，能源消耗量与日俱增，产生了大量温室气体的排放，致使全球气候变暖，冰川融化，海平面上升等一系列环境问题。不仅严重影响了人类生活生存的环境，也同样使得能源形势更加严峻。全球各国人民也逐渐意识到问题的严重性，纷纷倡导寻找并利用可再生能源逐步替代化石能源，以此来获得可持续发展，同时减少对地球能源的消耗，降低对环境的污染，提高人类的生活环境及生活水平。且目前，应对全球气候变暖，推进减少碳排放（以CO2为主）策略，已经成为全球人类的共识。我国自十九大报告出具以来，生态环境，能源或资源，经济发展以及经济增长等词汇频频出现，从这些词汇的频繁出现可见，目前生态环境的保护和能源结构及资源的合理化配置已经成为重中之重。在应对气候变化行动中，我国将绿色低碳发展作为国民经济以及社会发展规划中的重要组成部分；制定中长期温室气体排放控制战略；提出落实国家自主贡献的新目标，新举措：我国力争在2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值，并努力争取在2060年前二氧化碳排放实现碳中和。我国“碳达峰，碳中和”的提出，给未来40年内我国能源结构的调整及主要能源的消费提出了更高的要求，与我国能源结构供给甚至是革命性的变革。能源结构变革中，供热行业同样占据了很大的比重。 城市供热是我国为保证居民百姓冬季的正常生产和生活，由专业人士进行设计、专业团队进行施工，建立的大型的能源输配转换及供热系统。城市供热的主要能源为一次能源中的化石能源，在我国能源消耗结构中占据较大的比重，同时在污染排放中（尤其是碳排放，主要为CO2）同样占据着比较大的比重。而随着人民物质生活水平的提高，对于关乎生活质量及生活舒适度的供热室内温度的要求也越来越高，由此导致的居民需求和节能减排及降耗的矛盾也日渐凸显。目前，国际形势的紧张，全球能源结构的失衡，化石能源的过度开采，“双碳”以及其他碳减排等一系列措施的提出，在此大背景下，致使我国能源结构正在加速调整。国家有关部门于2017年、2018年相继发布通知，大力推进北方地区清洁能源供热，重点推进“煤改气”“煤改电”及可再生能源供暖工作，取消燃煤供热，以此来保障群众冬季供热需求的同时减少污染物的排放。目前供热行业已经在实行的有：用天然气等清洁能源替代传统化石能源（主要燃煤）的供热模式，但目前的模式均为单一清洁能源进行替代，且部分地区部分供热企业因为地理位置及空间环境等因素的限制，无法全部甚至无法部分替代。供热行业是中国居民冬季生产生活中的主要组成部分，不可取消，无法取缔，在当下国际国内的环境和能源形势的驱使下，政府出台的一系列减碳减排政策措施的激励下，研究目前供热企业的发展战略，在目前紧张的能源形式及“双碳”的大背景下，供热企业如何节能减耗以及如何使用清洁能源或可再生能源来达到减碳减排成为当下亟待解决的重中之重，将对我国“双碳目标”的达成有着重要意义。 竞争是企业根据现有的资源配置不断完善并优化，使其在市场中能够获得重要地位的一种手段，也是企业战略管理的重要概念。也就是说企业在竞争环境中如何找到竞争优势的来源并在各种压力下仍然保持优势，是企业战略管理领域分析市场环境和企业环境关系的重要理论本文通过利用PEST分析以及SWOT分析法进行分析。首先PEST分析是对企业宏观环境分析的一种方法，围绕企业所处的政治环境（Political Factors）、经济环境（Economic Factors）、社会环境（Sociocultural Factors）、技术环境（Technological Factors）这四个方面进行分析。其次SWOT分析是把企业内在要素：优势（Strengths）、劣势（Weaknesses）及外在要素：机会 （Opportunities）、威胁（Threats）进行综合和概括，调查列举与企业优势、劣势、机会、威胁密切相关的内容，并依照矩阵形式排列，然后对各种因素互相匹配并加以分析，使企业所处情境可以得到全面、系统、准确的呈现，从而帮助企业制定战略，以及与之对应的措施。在得到企业优势、劣势、威胁、机会后，可以通过排列成为SWOT分析的矩阵目前使用较为普遍的SWOT分析有四种：单层次分析、双层次分析、多层次分析和复合分析，本文采用了复合分析的方法对HC能源集团公司进行了分析。 本文通过分析国内外供热行业能源结构的发展现状，研究分析可再生能源用于供热的应用技术，寻找可替代化石能源的可再生能源。以天津市为背景，调研天津市HC能源集团能源结构现状，通过HC能源集团实际可再生能源应用案例，分析替代化石燃料（天津主要以天然气为主）的可行性，替代后的成本增减，碳排放的减少量，节能减耗及减碳排放措施有效性，针对HC能源集团中出现的问题提出实质性建议及对策，探索当下HC能源集团发展的新途径，通过运用战略管理理论，竞争优势理论，及PEST与SWOT分析工具进行分析，最后总结阐述了HC能源集团未来发展的能源结构战略发展思路及未来低碳发展的路径。为天津市的其他供热企业在可持续发展的发展路线上提供了参考和建议。
英文摘要：	Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality "is the primary goal of China in the next 40 years. To achieve this milestone goal, China's energy structure will undergo revolutionary changes. With the development of humanity and social progress, energy consumption is increasing day by day, resulting in a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a series of environmental problems such as global warming, pure melting of ice, and rising sea levels. Not only has it seriously affected the environment for human survival, but it has also made the energy situation even more severe. People around the world are gradually realizing the seriousness of the problem and advocating for the search and use of renewable energy to gradually replace fossil energy, in order to achieve sustainable development, while reducing the consumption of energy on the Earth, reducing environmental pollution, and improving human living environment and standards. At present, addressing global climate change and promoting strategies to reduce carbon emissions (mainly CO2) have become a global consensus among humans. Since the issuance of the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, terms such as ecological environment, energy or resources, economic development, and economic growth have frequently appeared. From the frequent occurrence of these terms, it can be seen that the protection of the ecological environment and the rational allocation of energy structure and resources have become top priorities. In response to climate change, China has made green and low-carbon development an important component of its national economy and social development plan; Develop medium to long-term greenhouse gas emission control strategies; Propose new goals and measures to implement national independent contributions: China strives to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and strives to achieve carbon neutrality in carbon dioxide emissions by 2060. The proposal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" in China has put forward higher requirements for the adjustment of China's energy structure and the consumption of major energy sources in the next 40 years, and even revolutionary changes in the supply side of China's energy structure. In the transformation of energy structure, the heating industry also occupies a large proportion. Urban heating is a large-scale energy transmission and distribution conversion and heating system established by professionals and professional teams in China to ensure the normal production and living of residents in winter. The main energy source for urban heating is fossil fuels in primary energy, which account for a large proportion of China's energy consumption structure. At the same time, they also account for a relatively large proportion of pollution emissions (especially carbon emissions, mainly carbon dioxide). With the improvement of people's material living standards, the requirements for heating indoor temperature related to quality of life and comfort have become increasingly high, resulting in the contradiction between residents' demand and energy conservation, emission reduction, and consumption reduction. At present, the tense international situation, the imbalance in the global energy structure, the excessive exploitation of fossil fuels, and the proposal of a series of measures such as "dual carbon" and other carbon reduction measures have led to an accelerated adjustment of China's energy structure. In 2017 and 2018, relevant national departments issued notices vigorously promoting clean energy heating in the northern region, with a focus on promoting "coal to gas", "coal to electricity", and renewable energy heating work. Coal heating was abolished to ensure the winter heating needs of the people while reducing pollutant emissions. At present, the heating industry is implementing a heating model that replaces traditional fossil fuels (mainly coal) with clean energy such as natural gas. However, the current models are all based on a single clean energy source, and some heating enterprises in some regions cannot fully or even partially replace them due to geographical location and spatial environment limitations. The heating industry is a major component of winter production and life for Chinese residents, which cannot be cancelled or banned. Driven by the current international and domestic environmental and energy situation, and encouraged by a series of carbon reduction and emission reduction policies and measures introduced by the government, the development strategy of heating enterprises is being studied. In the context of the current tense energy form and the "dual carbon" situation. How to save energy and reduce consumption in heating enterprises, as well as how to use clean or renewable energy to achieve carbon reduction emissions, has become a top priority that urgently needs to be solved, which will be of great significance for achieving China's "dual carbon goals". Competition is a means for enterprises to continuously improve and optimize their existing resource allocation, enabling them to gain an important position in the market. It is also an important concept in enterprise strategic management. That is to say, how enterprises find the source of competitive advantage in a competitive environment and maintain their advantage under various pressures is an important theory in the field of enterprise strategic management to analyze the relationship between market environment and enterprise environment. This article uses PEST analysis and SWOT analysis to analyze. Firstly, PEST analysis is a method of analyzing the macro environment of enterprises, focusing on four aspects: political factors, economic factors, social factors, and technical factors. Secondly, SWOT analysis synthesizes and summarizes the internal factors of the enterprise, including strengths, weaknesses, and external factors such as opportunities and threats. It surveys and lists the content closely related to the enterprise's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and arranges them in a matrix form. Then, various factors are matched and analyzed, so that the enterprise's situation can be comprehensive, systematic, and accurately present, thereby helping enterprises formulate strategies and corresponding measures. After obtaining the advantages, disadvantages, threats, and opportunities of the enterprise, it can be arranged into a matrix for SWOT analysis. Currently, there are four commonly used SWOT analyses: single level analysis, double level analysis, multi-level analysis, and composite analysis. This article uses the method of composite analysis to analyze HC Energy Group Company. This article analyzes the current development status of energy structure in the heating industry both domestically and internationally, studies and analyzes the application technologies of renewable energy for heating, and seeks renewable energy that can replace fossil fuels. Taking Tianjin as the background, this study investigates the current energy structure of HC Energy Group in Tianjin. Through practical renewable energy application cases of HC Energy Group, the feasibility of replacing fossil fuels (mainly natural gas in Tianjin), the cost increase and decrease after replacement, the reduction of carbon emissions, the effectiveness of energy-saving and consumption reduction measures, and proposes substantive suggestions and countermeasures for the problems that arise in HC Energy Group, Exploring new avenues for the development of HC Energy Group at present, through the use of strategic management theory, competitive advantage theory, and PEST and SWOT analysis tools, this paper summarizes and elaborates on the energy structure strategic development ideas and low-carbon development paths for HC Energy Group's future development. This provides reference and suggestions for other heating enterprises in Tianjin on the sustainable development path.
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