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论文编号：	14106
作者编号：	1120191067
上传时间：	2023/6/9 12:23:51
中文题目：	古籍修复师的知识转移研究
英文题目：	Study on Knowledge Transfer of Ancient Book Restorers
指导老师：	柯平
中文关键字：	古籍保护；古籍修复；古籍修复师；知识转移；技艺传承
英文关键字：	Ancient books preservation and conservation；Ancient book restoration；Ancient book restorers；Knowledge transfer；Skill inheritance
中文摘要：	在文化强国战略背景下，古籍工作是保护、传承与发展中国宝贵文化遗产的重要举措，其对于中华文脉赓续、民族精神弘扬、国家文化软实力增强以及社会主义强国建设均具有重要意义。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从实现中华民族伟大复兴战略目标出发，对中华优秀传统文化的传承与弘扬作出了一系列重大决策部署，为新时代古籍工作推进提供了重要的发展机遇。古籍修复工作是古籍传承与利用的基础，也是古籍保护事业不可缺少的核心组成。在古籍保护事业蒸蒸日上的同时，我国古籍修复工作也迎来了蓬勃发展机遇。 古籍修复工作高度依赖于古籍修复人才。新世纪以来，我国采取多种途径开展古籍修复人员培养工作，古籍修复人员也已从不足百人到如今增至千人，我国古籍修复人才规模与专业素质已取得显著提升。然而，相对众多受损古籍待修复的现实，目前千人左右的古籍修复人才规模显然无法满足修复需要，这很大程度制约了我国古籍保护工作的推进。特别是我国技艺精湛的古籍修复大师大多年岁已高，高手修复师出现了断层现象。如果不能紧抓时机培养出技艺精湛的下一代修复师，我国传承千年的高超古籍修复技艺可能会随着当前修复大师的老去而出现断代，加快古籍修复人才培养已迫在眉睫，这也是古籍保护工作有序良好发展的必然要求。 本研究认为，面对当前古籍修复工作对古籍修复人才的迫切需求以及古籍修复人才培养中存在的各种制约，有必要从知识转移视角切入，深入剖析古籍修复师知识转移机制并厘清机制运行内在逻辑与规律，在此基础上探讨能够有效促进我国古籍修复师知识转移的策略，从而为我国古籍修复师的专业培养与技艺成长提供理论指导。基于此，本研究以古籍修复师如何进行知识转移为核心问题，深入探讨了古籍修复师知识转移要素、过程与影响因素，并构建了古籍修复师知识转移理论模型。具体而言，本研究的主要研究工作与结论包括： 第一，通过对古籍修复师知识转移核心要素的分析，从“情境—主体—知识—媒介”四要素全面呈现古籍修复师知识转移基本构成，包括将古籍修复师技艺成长划分为孕育期、破茧期与成蝶期三大发展阶段，归纳古籍修复师知识转移经典师带徒、传习师带徒、新人带教、短期培训、科班教学五类主情境和工作讨论、偶发指导、业余交流与自学四类子情境及不同情境特征与规律，识别师父、培训老师、同伴与中生代修复师在知识转移中的角色差异，构建古籍修复师素养结构以及明确面对面转移与远程式转移两类转移渠道的功能与局限。 第二，重点探讨了古籍修复师知识转移过程，将古籍修复师知识转移划分为转移触发、知识输出、知识捕获、知识应用、知识整合与知识增值六个关键环节，基于修复前、修复中和修复后三阶段明确了面向修复方案、即时问题与修复作品的知识转移过程以及讨论了基于教学任务的知识传递者前知识转移、知识共同获取、知识逆向转移行为，并分别构建了基于关键环节、修复阶段与教学任务的三大古籍修复师知识转移过程模型。 第三，从动机、机会与能力三个层面识别了古籍修复师知识转移影响因素，发现古籍修复师知识转移受到动机层面的转移动机和转移意愿影响，机会层面的社会因素、行业因素、体制因素与机构因素影响，能力层面的主体认知、主体关系与主体能力影响，并深入剖析了不同影响因素对知识转移过程的具体作用机理。 第四，基于核心要素、转移过程与影响因素构建了古籍修复师知识转移理论模型，并进一步基于团队视角下的修复组案例研究对模型进行补充优化。模型显示，在古籍修复师从修复新手转为修复专家的技艺成长全过程中，修复师通过遇到修复问题并解决修复问题的方式不断提升技艺，而这依赖于贯穿技艺成长全过程的修复师知识转移。 第五，基于影响因素与转移过程模型，从个体层面、机构层面和行业层面提出了古籍修复师知识转移促进策略，包括面向个体的学习者知识获取与教学者知识传递策略，面向机构的复合型人才组建与修复师人才管理及科研策略，以及面向行业的修复师交流机制、短期培训优化、修复师个体关怀、修复师教学培训以及支持基层修复工作策略。 本研究的主要创新体现在以下三个方面：第一，深入剖析古籍修复师知识转移核心要素内容，识别修复师知识转移基本情境，构建修复师知识体系与素养结构并明确关键主体的角色演变，全面呈现古籍修复师知识转移形态，为各界充分了解古籍修复师这一传统手工艺人的技艺成长路径提供理论画像。第二，识别了公藏单位体制下古籍修复师知识转移影响因素，为促进公藏单位体制下传统手工技艺传承提供理论支撑。第三，从知识转移环节与知识转移活动切入分析嵌入在古籍修复师技艺成长全过程中的修复师知识转移行为，并融合核心要素与影响因素构建了古籍修复师知识转移理论模型，充分解析了古籍修复师知识转移机制，为古籍修复技艺传承研究乃至传统手工技艺传承研究提供理论依据。
英文摘要：	In the context of the strategy of strengthening cultural power, the work of ancient books is an important measure to protect, inherit and develop China's precious cultural heritage, which is of great significance to the continuation of the Chinese cultural lineage, the promotion of national spirit, the strengthening of national cultural soft power and the construction of a strong socialist country. Since the 18th Party Congress, the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, has made a series of major decisions and deployments for the inheritance and promotion of excellent Chinese traditional culture from the strategic goal of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which provides important development opportunities for the promotion of antiquarian books in the new era. The restoration of ancient books is the basis for the inheritance and utilization of ancient books, as well as an indispensable core component of the protection of ancient books. While the cause of antiquarian book conservation is flourishing, the restoration of antiquarian books in China has also ushered in vigorous development opportunities. The restoration of antiquarian books is highly dependent on antiquarian book restoration talents. Since the new century, China has taken various ways to train restoration personnel, and the number of restoration personnel has increased from less than a hundred to a thousand, which has significantly improved the scale and professional quality of restoration personnel. However, in the face of the fact that a large number of damaged ancient books need to be restored, the current scale of about a thousand restoration talents obviously cannot meet the restoration needs, which largely restricts the promotion of the conservation of ancient books in China. In particular, most of our highly skilled ancient books restoration masters are old, and the master restorers appear fault phenomenon. If we can not seize the opportunity to train the next generation of skilled antiquarian book restorers, China's thousand-year heritage of superb antiquarian book restoration skills maybe with the current restoration masters of old age and a break in the generation, accelerate the training of antiquarian book restoration personnel has become urgent, which is also the inevitable requirement for the orderly and good development of antiquarian book conservation work. This study believes that, in the face of the urgent demand for ancient book restoration talents in the current work of ancient book restoration and various constraints existing in the cultivation of ancient book restoration talents, it is necessary to start from the perspective of knowledge transfer, deeply analyze the knowledge transfer mechanism of ancient book restorer and clarify the internal logic and law of the mechanism's operation. On this basis, explore strategies that can effectively promote the knowledge transfer of Chinese ancient book restorers. To provide theoretical guidance for the professional training of Chinese ancient book restorers and the growth of individual skills. Based on this, this study takes how to transfer knowledge of ancient book restorer as the core issue, deeply discusses the elements, process and influencing factors of knowledge transfer of ancient book restorer, and builds a theoretical model of knowledge transfer of ancient book restorer. Specifically, the main research work and findings of this study include: First, through an analysis of the core elements of knowledge transfer in ancient book restoration, this study comprehensively presents the basic structure of knowledge transfer for ancient book restorers using the four elements of "situation-subject-knowledge-medium". The growth of ancient book restorers' skills is divided into three developmental stages "the incubation period", "cocooning period", and "butterfly period", and five main situations for knowledge transfer are summarized: classic apprenticeship, mentorship, on-the-job training, short-term training, and formal education. Additionally, four sub-situations are identified, including work discussions, sporadic guidance, informal communication, and self-learning, and the role differences between master, trainer, peer and mid-career restorers in knowledge transfer are examined. Furthermore, the structure of ancient book restorers' competency is established, and the functions and limitations of two transfer channels, face-to-face and remote transfer, are clarified. Secondly, this study focuses on the knowledge transfer process of antiquarian restorers, divides the knowledge transfer of antiquarian restorers into six key aspects: transfer trigger, knowledge output, knowledge capture, knowledge application, knowledge integration and knowledge appreciation, clarifies the knowledge transfer process toward restoration solutions, immediate problems and restoration works based on three stages: before, during and after restoration, discusses the knowledge transfer before knowledge transfer, knowledge co-acquisition and knowledge reverse transfer behaviors based on teaching tasks, and constructs three major models of the knowledge transfer process of antiquarian restorers based on key aspects, restoration stages and teaching tasks, respectively. Third, the factors influencing the knowledge transfer of antiquarian restorers were identified at three levels: motivation, opportunity and ability, and it was found that the knowledge transfer of antiquarian restorers was influenced by the motivation and willingness to transfer at the motivation level, social, industrial, institutional and mechanism factor at the opportunity level, and subject cognition, subject relationship and subject ability at the ability level, and the specific mechanisms of different influencing factors on the knowledge transfer process were analyzed in depth. Fourth, based on the core elements, transfer process and influencing factors, a theoretical model of knowledge transfer for antiquarian restorers was constructed, and the model was further optimized based on the evolution of restoration group cases from a team perspective. The model shows that in the whole process of skill growth from novice restorers to restoration experts, restorers continuously improve their skills by encountering restoration problems and solving them, and this relies on the knowledge transfer of restorers throughout the process of skill growth. Fifth, based on the influencing factors and transfer process model, knowledge transfer promotion strategies for antiquarian restorers are proposed at the individual level, institutional level and industry level, including individual-oriented learner knowledge acquisition and pedagogue knowledge transfer strategies, institution-oriented composite talent formation and restorer talent management strategies, and industry-oriented restorer exchange mechanism, short-term training optimization, restorer individual care, training for teachers of ancient book restoration and supporting the grassroots restoration strategy. The main innovation of this study is reflected in the following three aspects:?first, it provides an in-depth analysis of the content of the core elements of knowledge transfer for antiquarian restorers, identifies the basic situation of knowledge transfer for restorers, constructs the knowledge system and literacy structure of restorers and clarifies the role evolution of key subjects, presents a comprehensive knowledge transfer picture for antiquarian restorers, and provides a theoretical portrait for all sectors to fully understand the skill growth path of traditional craftsmen as antiquarian restorers.?Second, the factors influencing the knowledge transfer of antiquarian restorers under the public collection unit system are identified to provide theoretical support for promoting the transmission of traditional handicraft skills under the public collection unit system.?Third, the study analyzes the knowledge transfer behavior of restorers embedded in the whole process of the growth of restorers' skills from the knowledge transfer link and knowledge transfer activities and constructs a theoretical model of knowledge transfer for restorers of ancient books by integrating the core elements and influencing factors, which fully analyzes the knowledge transfer mechanism of restorers of ancient books and provides a theoretical basis for the study of the inheritance of ancient book restoration skills and even the study of the inheritance of traditional handicraft skills.
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