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论文编号：	13978
作者编号：	2120213271
上传时间：	2023/6/7 11:22:53
中文题目：	基于聚类-遗传算法的城市救护车选址与布局
英文题目：	Research of Urban Ambulance Fleet Location Based on Clustering-Genetic Algorithm
指导老师：	王谦
中文关键字：	救护车布局;模糊 C 均值聚类;遗传算法;仿真
英文关键字：	Ambulance location; Fuzzy C-means; Genetic Algorithm; Simulation
中文摘要：	院前急救水平的高低反映一个地区急救医学的发展程度，也是衡量一个地区社会安全保障能力的重要参数，而衡量院前急救水平最重要的指标是急救反应时间。急救反应时间即医院呼叫中心接到呼叫和第一辆应急车辆到达现场之间的时间，其长短由急救人员专业化水平、道路交通舒畅度及急救半径决定，直接影响病患的生存概率，对于危重病患，急救反应时间越短，其获救的概率越大。由此可见，合理配置救护车等医疗资源对于提升院前急救水平、提高病患生存能力和生存概率有着非常重要的意义，急救反应时间每缩短1分钟就有可能挽救更多的生命。 本文基于天津市真实急救呼叫数据探究救护车静态选址布局问题。急救呼叫的被覆盖率是反映急救水平的重要指标之一，提高呼叫覆盖率、缩短急救反应时间是优化搭建救护车选址布局的重要目标。本文依照急救标准对病患进行分级处理，共划分为4个等级，分别确定急救反应时间限制标准，当前呼叫在时限标准内被满足则记为被覆盖。急救反应时间与病患生存率直接挂钩，因此本文优先提高1级病患呼叫的被覆盖率，建立数学模型，目标函数为提高急救呼叫的被覆盖率，高优先级呼叫拥有更高权重。为解决该NP难问题，本文提出基于模糊C均值聚类-遗传算法的双重算法对问题进行求解。遗传算法具有良好的全局搜索能力，适用于解决选址问题，但其搜索效率及结果受到初始种群的影响，因此首先使用模糊C均值聚类算法对呼叫数据按照地理位置进行聚类，根据聚类中心确定初始救护车选址布局方案，在此基础上使用遗传算法进行迭代优化计算。 建立基于天津市市内十区真实道路交通状况及医疗设施选址的计算机仿真模型，验证数学模型及算法的有效性及优化效果。对算例结果进行分析，得出以下结论：1、救护车选址布局方案不应一成不变，应考虑城市区域属性、“职住分离”现象等，根据时间段设定不同救护车选址布局方案。2、救护车速度极大影响了急救反应时间、呼叫覆盖率及病患生存率，优化道路交通状况、开辟特定时间段应急车道等措施可有效提升院前急救水平。3、对病患呼叫进行分级，可有效提高救护车等紧急医疗资源的利用率，提高病患生存概率。
英文摘要：	The level of pre-hospital emergency medicine reflects the degree of development of emergency medicine in a region and is also an important parameter to measure the ability of social security in a region, and the most important index to measure the level of pre-hospital emergency medicine is the emergency response time. The emergency response time is the time between the hospital call center receiving the call and the first ambulance arriving at the scene, the length of which is determined by the professional level of emergency personnel, the smoothness of road traffic and the emergency radius, and it directly affects the survival probability of patients, and for critically ill patients, the shorter the emergency response time, the greater the probability of being saved. Thus, the reasonable allocation of medical resources such as ambulances is of great importance to improve the level of pre-hospital emergency care and to increase the survivability and probability of survival of patients, and every minute shortened in emergency response time may save more lives. This paper explores the static ambulance location solution based on the real emergency call data in Tianjin. The coverage rate of emergency calls is one of the important indicators reflecting the level of emergency care, and improving the call coverage rate and shortening the emergency response time is an important goal for optimizing the siting layout of ambulances. In this paper, patients are graded according to the first aid standard and divided into 4 levels, and the emergency response time limit is determined separately. The emergency response time is directly related to the survival rate of patients, so this paper gives priority to improving the coverage rate of level 1 patient calls and establishes a mathematical model with the objective function of improving the coverage rate of emergency calls, with higher priority calls having higher weights. To solve this NP hard problem, this paper proposes a dual algorithm based on Fuzzy C-mean clustering-Genetic Algorithm to solve the problem. Genetic algorithm has good global search capability and is suitable for solving the siting problem, but its search efficiency and results are influenced by the initial population, so firstly, the Fuzzy C-mean clustering algorithm is used to cluster the call data according to the geographical location, and the initial ambulance location solution is determined according to the clustering center, based on which the genetic algorithm is used for iterative optimization calculation. A computer simulation model based on the real road traffic conditions and medical facility location in ten districts of Tianjin was established to verify the effectiveness and optimization effect of the mathematical model and algorithm. The results of the calculation cases were analyzed, and the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The ambulance siting and layout plan should not be set in stone, and different ambulance siting and layout plans should be set according to the time period, taking into account the city area properties and the phenomenon of "separation of work and residence", etc. 2. Measures such as optimizing road traffic conditions and opening up emergency lanes at specific times can effectively improve the level of pre-hospital emergency care.3. Grading patient calls can effectively improve the utilization of emergency medical resources such as ambulances and increase the probability of patient survival.
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