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论文编号：	13933
作者编号：	1120191062
上传时间：	2023/6/6 17:06:41
中文题目：	基于心理所有权的不道德行为治理研究
英文题目：	Research on Governance of Unethical Behavior Based on Psychological Ownership
指导老师：	武立东
中文关键字：	心理所有权；不道德行为治理；自我效能感；积极情绪
英文关键字：	Psychological Ownership; Governance of Unethical Behavior; Self-Efficacy; Positive Affect
中文摘要：	心理所有权刻画了个体将组织或其他标的物融入自我概念的认知和情感状态。当人们感觉组织是“我的”的时候，其内在动机就会发生变化，下意识地表现出“主人般”的积极态度和行为并抑制其负面行为，从而推动组织的永续发展。在当下以“易变性、不确定性、复杂性、模糊性”为特征的VUCA时代，组织要想实现稳定向上发展的目标，需要实施有效的向内管理、强化其成员的心理所有权感知，“使其像委托人一样行动”。 本文以心理所有权为切入视角，首先通过元分析定量梳理了相关的实证研究结果，建立了一个涵盖其产生动机、产生途径、态度后果和行为后果的关系模型，厘清了心理所有权与各个变量之间的关系强度。本文还对心理所有权和其相关概念，包括组织认同、组织承诺和组织内化，对于工作绩效、组织公民行为等关注度高的变量的预测效用进行比较分析，为心理所有权的概念独特性提供科学量化的分析证据。在此基础上，本文设计了心理所有权归属感基础的神经研究范式，揭示了动机满足程度如何影响心理所有权水平及其神经动态过程，以P300这一能够反映认知和情感变化的脑电信号为重点关注变量进行分析，为“心理所有权同时包含认知和情感两种成分”这一命题提供了证据。最后，本文探究了心理所有权对利己型不道德行为和亲组织不道德行为治理的影响，并匹配心理所有权同时具备的认知和情感两种成分和不道德行为决策背后的认知和情绪过程，明确了心理所有权影响两类不道德行为治理的内在机制和边界条件。本文的主要研究结果如下： 首先，本文通过对204篇文献进行元分析，发现影响心理所有权产生的因素可以分为控制、亲密了解、自我投入、自我认同和“家”的感觉五个类别，心理所有权的作用后果包括态度和行为两方面，既有光明面也存在阴暗面，心理所有权与负面工作行为之间的关系不显著；而且，相对权重分析结果表明，相比组织认同、组织承诺和组织内化，心理所有权对工作绩效和组织公民行为的预测效度是显著更高的。 其次，本文证实了归属感动机的满足程度与个体对组织及组织信息标的物的心理所有权感知程度是正相关的。进一步地，归属感满足程度对于心理所有权的早期神经加工过程具有非常关键的作用，组织归属感强的个体，在看到组织信息标的物时，产生的P300成分的波幅显著更大，而组织归属感弱的个体，看到组织信息标的物和组织外物品产生的P300成分波幅无显著差异。由于P300成分能够反映个体看到刺激物时的认知资源分配和情绪唤醒过程，这一研究发现不仅探析了心理所有权的神经动态过程和神经指标，更为“心理所有权同时包含认知和情感两种成分”提供了来自神经科学的证据支持。 最后，本文揭示了心理所有权对利己型不道德行为和亲组织不道德行为治理的影响，心理所有权对利己型不道德行为有显著的抑制效应，对亲组织不道德行为有显著的促进效应。更重要的是，本文剖析了心理所有权影响两类不道德行为治理的共同认知和情感机制，即自我效能感和积极情绪的中介作用，心理所有权通过提升自我效能感和积极情绪，进而抑制利己型不道德行为、促进亲组织不道德行为。此外，黑暗人格特质调节了心理所有权对两类不道德行为治理的影响，黑暗人格特质得分越高，心理所有权对利己型不道德行为的抑制效应越弱，对亲组织不道德行为的促进效应越强。 本文有如下创新之处： 第一，率先探究了心理所有权归属感基础的神经机制。借助事件相关电位技术开展神经科学实验考察被试感知到心理所有权时大脑活动的变化，不仅为“心理所有权同时包含认知和情感两种成分”这一命题提供直接的神经证据，还有助于打开被试决策过程的黑箱，克服自我报告的测量方法存在的固有偏差，提高本文的理论解释力和所得结论的稳健性。 第二，率先探讨了心理所有权对利己型不道德行为和亲组织不道德行为治理的差异化影响，建立了心理所有权和两类不道德行为之间的因果关联，丰富了心理所有权作用后果的相关研究的同时也推动了对不道德行为研究的进一步扩展； 第三，率先揭示了心理所有权影响不道德行为治理的机制和边界，结合不道德行为背后的心理过程，明确心理所有权影响不道德行为治理的认知和情感机制，并将人格特征作为调节变量纳入分析，厘清了心理所有权影响不道德行为治理的边界，深化了对不道德行为决策的心理过程的理解。
英文摘要：	Psychological ownership portrays the cognitive and affective state of an individual who integrates the organization or other subject into his or her self-concept. When people feel that the organization is “mine,” their intrinsic motivation will change, and they will subconsciously show positive “owner-like” attitudes and behaviors and suppress negative behaviors, thus promoting the perpetual development of the organization. In the current VUCA era, which is characterized by “volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity,” organizations need to implement effective inward management and strengthen the psychological ownership of their members to “act like principals” in order to achieve the goal of stable upward development. Taking psychological ownership as the research object, this paper first quantitatively composes the relevant empirical research results through meta-analysis, establishes a relational model covering its generation motives, generation paths, attitudinal consequences and behavioral consequences, and clarifies the strength of the relationship between psychological ownership and each other variable. This paper also provides a comparative analysis of the predictive utility of psychological ownership and its related concepts, including organizational identity, organizational commitment, and organizational internalization, for variables of high interest, such as job performance and organizational citizenship behavior, to provide scientific and quantitative analytical evidence for the conceptual uniqueness of psychological ownership. On this basis, this paper designs a neural research paradigm underlying psychological ownership, reveals how motivational satisfaction affects the level of psychological ownership and its neural dynamics, and analyzes P300, an EEG signal that reflects cognitive and affective changes, as a key variable of interest, to provide evidence for the proposition that “psychological ownership contains both cognitive and affective components.” Finally, this paper explores the nudging effect of psychological ownership on the governance of self-interested unethical behavior and pro-organizational unethical behavior, and matches the cognitive and affective components of both psychological ownership and the cognitive and affective processes behind unethical behavior decisions to clarify the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of psychological ownership to effcet the governance of both types of unethical behavior. The main findings of this paper are as follows. First, a meta-analysis of 204 papers revealed that the factors influencing psychological ownership can be divided into five categories: control, intimate knowing, self-investment, self-identity, and the feeling of “home”; the consequences of psychological ownership include both attitudes and behaviors, and there are both bright and dark sides. Second, this paper confirms that the degree of satisfaction of belonging motivation is positively correlated with the degree of individual’s perceived psychological ownership of the organization and organization-related objects. Further, the degree of belonging motivation satisfaction plays a very critical role in the early neural processing of psychological ownership, with individuals with a strong sense of psychological ownership producing significantly larger amplitude of the P300 component when seeing organization-related objects, whereas individuals with a weak sense of psychological ownership produced no significant difference in the amplitude of the P300 component when seeing organization-related and extra-organizational objects. Since the P300 component reflects the allocation of cognitive resources and affective arousal when individuals see the stimulus, this finding not only analyzes the neural dynamics and neural indicators of psychological ownership, but also provides evidence from neuroscience to support that “psychological ownership contains both cognitive and affective components”. Finally, this paper reveals the nudging effects of psychological ownership on the governance of self-interested and pro-organizational unethical behaviors; psychological ownership has a significant inhibitory effect on self-interested unethical behaviors and a significant facilitative effect on pro-organizational unethical behaviors. More importantly, this paper dissects the common cognitive and affective mechanisms by which psychological ownership effects the governance of both types of unethical behaviors, namely, the mediating role of self-efficacy and positive affect, and psychological ownership inhibits self-interested unethical behaviors and promotes pro-organizational unethical behaviors by enhancing self-efficacy and positive affect. In addition, dark traid traits moderated the nudging effect of psychological ownership on the governance of both types of unethical behavior; the higher the score of dark traid traits, the weaker the inhibitory effect of psychological ownership on self-interested unethical behavior and the stronger the facilitative effect on pro-organizational unethical behavior. This paper has the following innovations. First, it is the first to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying psychological ownership. The neuroscientific experiment using event-related potentials technology to examine the changes in brain activity when subjects perceive psychological ownership not only provides direct neural evidence for the proposition that “psychological ownership contains both cognitive and affective components,” but also helps to open the black box of subjects’ decision-making process, overcomes the inherent bias of self-reported measures, and improves the theoretical explanatory power and robustness of the findings. Second, it is the first to explore the differential nudging effect of psychological ownership on the governance of self-interested unethical behavior and pro-organizational unethical behavior, and to establish the causal association between psychological ownership and the two types of immoral behavior, which enriches the research related to the consequences of the role of psychological ownership and also promotes the further expansion of the research on unethical behavior. Third, it is the first to reveal the mechanisms and boundaries of psychological ownership nudging the governance of unethical behavior. It explores the cognitive and affective mechanisms of psychological ownership nudging the governance of unethical behavior in the context of the psychological processes behind unethical behavior, and includes personality traits as moderating variables in the analysis, thus clarifying the boundaries of psychological ownership nudging the governance of unethical behavior and deepening the understanding of the psychological processes underlying the decision-making of unethical behavior.
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