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论文编号：	1348
作者编号：	2003001
上传时间：	2010/4/1 10:05:05
中文题目：	保险业女性的职业生涯发展研究：阶段、模式与影响因素
英文题目：	Women’s Career Development in the Insurance Industry : Stages, Patterns and Influence Factors
指导老师：	谢晋宇
中文关键字：	保险业 职业女性 职业生涯发展 职业生涯发展阶段 职业生涯开发模式
英文关键字：	insurance industry, professional female, career development, career development stages, career development patterns
中文摘要：	女性人力资源是人力资源总体的两个组成部分之一。女性人力资源的开发对于一个国家人力资源质量的提高意义重大。在女性人力资源开发的各项措施中，职业生涯开发起着基础性、战略性和关键性的作用。为促进女性职业生涯开发，我们有必要了解女性独特的职业生涯发展历程。国外很多学者在这个领域进行开拓，他们对女性职业生涯发展的阶段、模式、影响因素和策略等进行了有意义的探索、描述和解释。相形之下，国内现有的女性职业生涯方向的研究主要集中于宏观领域，尚缺乏结合企业实践的系统的理论和实证研究，相关的研究显得较为零散。 本研究的目的是以两性职业生涯发展的不平衡为出发点，以保险业女性为研究对象，从社会性别的视角出发，揭示影响女性职业生涯发展的种种因素，探索其职业发展的更为合理的模式，帮助女性获得更好的职业生涯发展，提高她们的工作生活质量，从而减少社会职业分层现象的发生，促进两性在就业领域内的平等。 本文主要采用的研究方法是规范分析与实证分析。首先，作者对国内外的相关研究进行理论回顾与逻辑推演，对女性职业生涯发展的阶段、模式和影响因素进行梳理；其次，作者采用深度访谈与个案研究方法，对7位保险业女性的职业生涯发展历程进行研究，通过情境分析、类属分析、文献分析等方法归纳和总结了保险业女性职业生涯发展的阶段、模式和重要主题；接着，作者参考已有的实证研究成果，结合个案研究结论，构建了保险业女性职业生涯发展的衡量指标，界定了保险业女性职业生涯发展的影响因素，并通过问卷调查与多元统计分析方法对该模型进行验证。最后，作者根据研究结论，对女性的个人职业生涯开发和组织职业生涯开发提出相应的建议。 本文从发展的角度出发探讨保险业女性职业生涯发展的阶段、模式与影响因素，弥补了国内相关研究领域的不足，主要的研究结论如下： （1）我国保险业女性职业生涯发展的重要主题包括职业选择、职业生涯转换、职业生涯规划、职业生涯发展的影响因素等。其中，职业选择包括首职业的选择与当前职业(保险职业)的选择；职业生涯转换包括在相同职业类别内的转换以及跨越不同职业类别的转换；职业生涯发展的影响因素主要来自于个人、家庭、组织和社会。 （2）保险业女性职业生涯发展的阶段分为年龄维度和专业维度两种形式。年龄维度的保险业女性的职业生涯发展阶段包括职业探索、职业建立与发展、职业维持和职业衰退阶段。专业维度的职业生涯发展阶段包括女性保险管理人员的专业发展和女性保险代理人的专业发展。 （3）在我国的保险劳动力市场上，存在着保险管理人员和保险代理人两种不同的职业生涯发展模式。保险管理人员的职业生涯发展模式表现为清晰的、一维的和线性的特点。保险代理人的职业生涯发展模式的特殊性主要体现在薪酬和晋升渠道上。 （4）女性职业生涯发展测量的结构分为主观与客观两部分。其中，客观职业生涯发展指标包括当前职位、晋升次数、年收入。主观职业生涯发展的测量分为工作满意度与职业满意度两项指标。 （5）影响保险业女性职业生涯发展的因素有个人、家庭、组织与社会因素。其中，个人因素包括性别角色态度、性别角色特质、人格特质、成就动机和人力资本。家庭因素包括原生家庭与婚姻家庭因素。组织因素包括组织的人力资源政策、性别平等的企业文化和组织内的人际关系。社会因素包括社会职业刻板印象、社会性别刻板印象和社会网络关系。 （6）实证研究结果表明，个人因素、家庭因素、组织因素、社会因素与保险业女性的职业生涯发展相关。 本研究的特色与创新之处主要体现在以下3个方面: 第一，本文从社会性别视角出发，探讨保险业女性职业生涯发展的规律，为新时期的职业女性提供观察和解释自身职业生涯发展的机会，弥补了国内相关领域的研究不足，在研究视角上具有创新性。同时，作者把社会学中较为成熟的质的研究方法引入到管理学的研究之中，采用深度访谈与统计调查相结合的方法进行研究，两种方法互为补充，相互证明，具有一定的创新性。 第二，本文结合中国国情与企业实践，归纳了保险业女性职业生涯发展的阶段与模式。作者从年龄与专业维度出发，对保险业女性的职业生涯发展阶段进行分析。同时，作者对女性保险管理人员与保险代理人的职业生涯发展模式进行归纳，提炼了保险业女性职业生涯发展的重要主题，在研究内容上有所创新。 第三，本文尝试性地提出了女性职业生涯发展影响因素的实证研究框架，构建了保险业女性职业生涯发展的两项测量指标：客观指标和主观指标。同时，作者综合考虑了影响保险业女性职业生涯发展的各项变量，从个人、家庭、组织和社会四个方面界定了保险业女性职业生涯发展的影响因素，更加全面、系统地考虑了女性职业生涯发展的特殊性，从而使得研究结果更具实证意义。
英文摘要：	The female sector of human resources is an important part of human resources. Therefore, the development of female human resources is vital for improving the human resource quality of a country. Although there are many vital aspects of female human resource development, one of the most important is career development as it has an essential, strategic and decisive function in a society. Many foreign scholars have contributed to this topic, exploring and describing the stages, patterns, influence factors and strategies of female career development. Relatively, most domestic research exists in macroscopic realm, lacking theory and empirical research combined the practice in enterprise. The related research seems to be fragmentary. The purpose of this research is to analyze the stages, patterns, influence factors and strategies of women’s career development in the insurance industry. The author addresses the issue of unbalanced gender career development and posts various factors that influence women’s career development. The author also investigates a more reasonable pattern for the development of women’s careers, one that helps females to accelerate their career development and raise their work-life quality. Thus, further reduce the occurrence of the social occupation layering phenomenon, and promote the equality in the employment realm. The dissertation adopts quantitative and qualitative methods to carry on the research. First, the author reviewed related literature—from both foreign and domestic sources—to analyze and summarize the definition and measurement of female career development. Second, the author adopted an in-depth interview and case study method, interviewing seven female workers in the insurance industry, in order to sum up the stages, patterns, and influence factors of women’s career development. Then, the author constructed a measure index of women’s career development in the insurance industry, and defined the influence factors of women’s career development in the insurance industry and put forward a homologous research hypothesis. According to the research hypothesis and related literature, the author adopted a questionnaire method to collect research data and used Windows for SPSS.12 to carry on data analysis and hypothesis examination. Last, the author laid out several suggestions for female individual career development and organizational career development, forming the foundation of the conclusion. This dissertation makes up the domestic shortage of the related research realm. The main research conclusion is summarized as follows. 1. The important aspects of women’s career development in the insurance industry includes career choice, career transition, career planning and the influence factors of women’s career development. Among them, career transition is included in the same occupation category and over different occupation category. The influence factors of career development mainly come from specific sources: individual, family, organization and social. 2. The stages of women’s career development in the insurance industry are divided into two parts: the age dimension and the professional dimension. The stages of women’s career development in the age dimension include career exploring stage, career establishment and development stage，career maintenance stage and career decline stage. The stages of women’s career development in a professional capacity contain two forms. One is the professional development of the female insurance manager, and the other is the professional development of the female insurance agent. 3. There are two different patterns of career development in the insurance labor market of our country. One is the pattern of an insurance manager and the other is the pattern of an insurance agent. The pattern of the career development of an insurance manager represents a plain and linear character，whose mode of career advancement is promotion. The pattern of career development of an insurance agent, however, is represented by a system of compensation and promotion. 4. The measure index of women’s career development in the insurance industry includes a subject index and an object index. The object index involves current positions, promotion degrees and annual income. The subject index involves job satisfaction degree and career satisfaction degree. 5. The influence factors of women’s career development mainly include personal factors, family factors, organizational and social factors. The personal factors include attitudes toward gender roles, gender-role characteristics, personality characteristics, achievement motivation and human capital. Family factors include original family and marriage family factors. Organizational factors include organizational human resource policies, organizational culture of sexual equality and organizational relationships. Social factors include social occupation stereotypes, social sex stereotypes and social network relationships. 6. Personal factors, Family factors, Organizational factors and Social factors are all related to women’s career development in the insurance industry. The special features and detail creativities of the dissertation are summarized in the following aspects: First, the research sets out from the gender angle to discuss the role of female career development in the insurance industry, to provide for women the opportunity to observe and explain their career development. The innovative research provided a much-needed complementarity into this forum that is currently suffering from a lack of research. Then the author adopts quantitative and qualitative methods to carry on the research. These two methods complement each other and are significant in the presentation of the topic. Second, the dissertation concludes the stages and patterns of the female career development throughout combined enterprise practices in China. The author divides the stages of women’s career development in the insurance industry into age dimensions and professional dimensions. At the same time, the author divides the patterns of women’s career development in the insurance industry into two positions: insurance agent and insurance manager. These aspects provide the dissertation with further innovative research contents. Third, the author develops the measure index of women’s career development in the insurance industry, and provides general explanation of the influence variables of women’s career development in the insurance industry. The author develops two indexes—subject index and object index—of women’s career development in the insurance industry and defines the influence factors of women’s career development: personal factors, family factors, organizational and social factors. This work considers the specific nature of women’s career development and gives the research results more empirical value.
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