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论文编号：	13081
作者编号：	2120202893
上传时间：	2022/6/6 16:03:02
中文题目：	从属—控制视角下互联网平台的用工研究—以美团外卖平台为例
英文题目：	Research on Employment of Internet Platform from the Perspective of Subordination-Control:Take the Meituan Delivery Platform as an Example
指导老师：	王健友
中文关键字：	互联网平台；平台用工；劳动从属；劳动控制；美团外卖平台
英文关键字：	Internet Platform; Platform Employment; Labor Subordination; Labor control; Meituan Delivery Platform
中文摘要：	互联网信息技术的发展催生了互联网平台的新型组织形式，这种新型组织形式创造了平台用工的新型用工形式，为经济发展注入了活力，同时也创造了新的就业机会，催生了新兴就业群体。在平台用工模式下，灵活自主的用工方式赋予了从业者在工作时间和地点上的选择权而有别于传统雇佣模式，虽然给从业者及企业带来劳动雇佣上的便利，但也产生了用工关系模糊、劳动者权益保障弱化等一系列用工问题。同时，为了更好地管理从业者攫取更多的劳动剩余价值，平台企业借助互联网信息技术搭建平台系统，以算法管理、技术垄断等方式对从业者实行严格的管理控制而产生超时劳动、劳动异化等问题。互联网平台用工问题的背后与互联网平台在劳动雇佣中的用工关系和用工管理密切相关，因此本文以从属和控制两个视角建立联合分析框架从理论分析和案例分析两个方面来探究互联网平台的用工关系和用工管理问题。 在理论分析上，本文从劳动从属性、劳动过程理论出发建立从属—控制的联合分析框架来探究互联网平台的用工关系和用工管理问题，在文献回顾的基础上利用对比分析法将传统雇佣与平台用工进行比较，探讨两种用工方式下的个人、工作和组织的变化、从属关系的变化以及控制方式的变化。研究发现，平台用工呈现着去劳动关系化、去技能化的用工趋势以及工作和组织的变化使得平台从业者对平台型企业的从属性减弱，但在技术变革的背景下，平台从控制主体、时空结构入手延伸控制权和升级控制手段，不断加强对从业者的劳动控制，因此平台用工呈现着弱从属—强控制的用工特性。 在案例分析上，本文基于从属—控制的联合分析框架，以美团外卖平台为案例研究对象进一步验证了平台用工的弱从属—强控制用工特性，通过访谈、二手数据等方式收集案例分析资料，研究发现外卖平台因在用工中的工作灵活性、任务碎片化、生产工具自备、低社会保障、平台进出自由、组织边界模糊等原因使得骑手对平台的人身、经济和组织从属性都呈现弱化的趋势；在劳动控制上，平台从时空结构入手以空间换时间、以时间换效率的方式将骑手置于被时间的安排之中而获取劳动的控制权，同时借助经济、技术和情感控制手段，从显性和隐性控制出发加强对骑手的管理控制，使得骑手加入与时间赛跑的“赶工游戏”之中。最后，本文基于理论分析和案例分析的研究结果及平台用工的现状从平台和从业者两个主体提出相应的管理建议，并进行了简要的研究总结。
英文摘要：	The development of Internet information technology has spawned a new organizational form of Internet platform. This new organizational form has created a new employment form of platform employment, injected vitality into economic development, created new employment opportunities and spawned new employment groups. Under the platform employment mode, the flexible and independent employment mode gives practitioners the right to choose their working time and place, which is different from the traditional employment mode. Although it brings convenience to practitioners and enterprises in labor employment, it also produces a series of employment problems, such as vague employment relationship, weakening the protection of workers' rights and interests and so on. At the same time, in order to better manage practitioners and grab more labor surplus value, platform enterprises build a platform system with the help of Internet information technology, and implement strict management and control over practitioners in the ways of algorithm management and technology monopoly, resulting in problems such as overtime labor and labor alienation. The employment problem of Internet platform is closely related to the employment relationship and employment management of Internet platform in labor employment. Therefore, this paper establishes a joint analysis framework from the perspectives of subordination and control to explore the employment relationship and employment management of Internet platform from two aspects of theoretical analysis and case analysis. In terms of theoretical analysis, this paper establishes a joint analysis framework of subordination-control based on the theory of labor subordination and labor process to explore the employment relationship and employment management of Internet platform. On the basis of literature review, this paper compares traditional employment with platform employment by using comparative analysis method, and discusses the changes of individual, work and organization, subordination relationship and control mode under the two employment methods. The research found that the platform employment presents the trend of de labor relations and de skilled employment, and the changes of work and organization weaken the subordination of platform practitioners to platform enterprises. However, under the background of technological change, the platform extends the control right and upgrades the control means from the control subject and time-space structure, and continuously strengthens the labor control of practitioners. Therefore, the platform employment presents the employment characteristics of weak subordination-strong control. In case analysis, based on the joint analysis framework of subordination-control, this paper further verified the characteristics of weak subordination-strong control of platform employment by taking Meituan Delivery Platform as the case study object, and collected case analysis data through interviews and second-hand data. It is found that the drivers' personal, economic and organizational subordination to the delivery platform is weakened due to the work flexibility, task fragmentation, self-provided production tools, low social security, platform access freedom, and fuzzy organizational boundaries. In terms of labor control, the platform starts from the space-time structure, places the rider in the arrangement of time by means of space for time and time for efficiency, and obtains the control right of labor. At the same time, with the help of economic, technical and emotional control means, it strengthens the management and control of the rider from explicit and implicit control, so that the rider can join the "catch-up game" of racing against time. Finally, based on the research results of theoretical analysis and case analysis and the current situation of platform employment, this paper puts forward corresponding management suggestions from the two subjects of platform and workers, and makes a brief research summary.
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