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论文编号：	1276
作者编号：	2120072083
上传时间：	2009/6/14 12:20:36
中文题目：	劳动关系与技术进步动态适应关系
英文题目：	Research on Labour Relations a
指导老师：	杨斌
中文关键字：	技术;劳动关系;动态适应;车间现<
英文关键字：	Labour relations;Technical pro
中文摘要：	作为人类改造自然的一切知识的总和,技术进步象一条涓涓溪流始终贯穿于整个经济增长与发展史,技术的进步是推动经济增长与发展的基础,经济学家们就技术进步对一国经济发展的影响进行研究是在对经济增长影响因素的理论探索中逐步展开的,许多经济学流派都曾关注过技术进步并试图将技术进步溶入其理论框架,从不同角度不同程度地用技术进步来解释经济增长的源泉和增长过程。 但同时也注意到，面临同样的技术，不同的国家、不同的企业却表现出迥异的竞争力和经济实力。比如中国，虽然承接了发达国家的产业转移，也引进了不少先进技术和设备，但无法诉诸实施，无法产生作用的案例也屡见不鲜，或者即使产生作用但形成了对已有技术设备的依赖，导致在此基础上的技术创新微乎其微，于是形成了“引进——落后——再引进——再落后”的恶性循环。因此有必要对技术的社会化过程及其影响因素进行分析研究。 从技术的角度看，技术内含有自然物的规律、自然力的规律,它有自然属性。其自身的发展受自然属性的制约，有其客观规律，但同时，技术也具有社会属性，其应用是在生产车间内，需要工人掌握其应用才能完成，而这就涉及到车间内技术社会系统。也就是说，车间内的劳动关系等社会体系会对技术的应用及发生作用产生影响，历史上来看，虽然技术很先进但是由于车间劳动关系等社会因素而无法给企业带来竞争优势的案例不在少数。因此，若要发挥技术的潜力，需要打通生产车间的社会化阻碍。单纯引进技术设备是不够的，技术设备要在车间中使用、发挥作用需要将其社会化，更进一步，只有在其充分社会化的基础上才谈得上技术改进、创新。 从车间的社会化系统来看，新兴的技术不能彻底否定过去的劳动关系，使工人成为技术的附庸。由于劳动过分分工而造成单能工大量出现，这是劳动异化，这些工人很容易被新兴的技术取代，这会加重工人对新兴技术的抵制。 因此，技术进步和劳动关系需要一种互动适应的关系，这种耦合作用会形成两者的良性发展，并且有效应对来自外界的竞争，从而获得一种更持久的竞争优势。 从根源性的马克思政治经济学理论来讲：生产力决定生产关系，生产关系匹配生产力会促进生产力的发展。若以马克思的理论为基础来分析车间层面则显得过于宏观化，并且马克思的理论过于注重生产力的作用，而将生产关系仅置于辅助匹配的地位，对于分析互动适应关系来说不是非常合适。拉佐尼克以马克思政治经济学理论为基础，从车间的微观层面对劳动关系和技术进步的动态适应关系做了相应的研究。提出劳动关系与技术进步是一种互动新的共进化的关系。拉佐尼克运用了大量历史事实，对曾经冠以“世界工厂”称号的英国、美国、日本进行了历史分析的基础上认为技术进步和劳动关系之间的互动匹配，互动可以成为制造业发展的内在动力机制。拉佐尼克的研究提供了一种全新的视角，但由于拉佐尼克本身是历史学家，使得其研究更多带有史学性质，对于英国、美国、日本三国的分析没有总结归纳出一个一般框架，使得自身构想湮没在大量历史史实的描述中难以显性化。 本研究问题意识在于秉承了马克思和拉佐尼克相关研究的基础上，对“世界工厂”的地位因技术与劳动关系的动态适应及不适应而带来的转移现象进行了分析解释，对这三国如何成为“世界工厂”从技术与劳动关系的互动匹配的角度进行了分析，并力图对此动态转移的过程的分析基础上，建立一个一般性的分析框架。另外，从中国目前制造业现状来看，大量的农民单能工出现、先进设备无法为企业带来竞争优势的现象屡见不鲜，鉴于此，本研究在一般分析框架基础上，探讨技术进步与劳动关系的动态适应机制，为中国车间现场管理模式的特殊情况进行分析，并对其未来演化提供做出进一步分析建议，以求解决中国目前存在的问题。
英文摘要：	As the human nature of all knowledge transformation and the total technological progress as a trickle consistently throughout the economic growth and development, promote technological progress is the basis of economic growth and development, economists technology progress to the economic development of a country is in effect on economic growth factors in the theory of economics, many gradually schools have technological progress and to pay attention to the technological progress into the theoretical framework, different degree from different angles with technical progress to explain the source of economic increase and the growth process. But also noticed that faces the same techniques, different countries, different enterprises are showing different competitive and economic strength. China, for example, although undertake the developed countries, the industrial transfer has a lot of advanced technology and equipment, but not resort to implement, can produce effect of the case, or even also common occurance effect but the existing technology and equipment, the dependence on the basis of the technical innovation, and formed a "Introduce- Behind- Introduce again- Behind again " vicious cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to the socialization process technology and its influencing factors were analyzed. From the viewpoint of technology, technology of natural objects containing the rule of law, forces, it has natural attributes. Its development is restricted, nature has its objective law, but at the same time, the technical social attribute, its application in production workshop, the need to complete the application of workers to master, which involves the workshop technology social system. Namely, the workshop of labor relations and social system of technology application and will happen, history, although the technology is advanced, but due to the workshop labor relations and social factors can bring in a few cases of competitive advantage. Therefore, if you want to play the potential of the production workshop, need through socialization. Simply introduce the technology and equipment, technology and equipment are not in use, play a role in the workshop, the socialization, only in the further on the basis of socialization to talk up technical improvement and innovation. From the perspective of the social system, workshop of emerging technology cannot completely negative past labor relation, make workers become subservient technology. Due to the labor division and single can cause excessive work, it is the labor alienation, these workers easily replaced by new technologies, new technology to increase workers boycott. Therefore, the technological progress and labor relations requires an interactive relationship, to form the coupling between the benign development, and effective response from the outside of the competition, so as to achieve a more sustainable competitive advantage. From the root of the marxist political economics theory, productivity will decide the relations of production, production relations will match the development of productive forces to promote productivity. If based on Marx's theory to analyze the workshop is too macro level, and pays more attention to Marx's theory of productive forces, and will only in the relations of production, for the auxiliary matching interactive relationship is not to analysis. In marxist political economics Lazonick theoretical basis, from the workshop of micro for labor relations and technical progress of dynamic adaptive the relation of the corresponding research. Labor relations and put forward technological progress is a kind of new interactive evolutionary relationship. Lazonick used a large number of historical facts, once dubbed the "world factory" title of Britain, the United States, Japan, on the basis of analyzing the history that technological progress and the interaction between labor relations, interactive can become manufacturing development intrinsic motivation mechanism. Lazonick research provided a brand-new perspective, but due to the benign Lazonick itself are historians, the research on history, with more Great Britain, the United States and Japan have three analysis concludes a general framework, make oneself idea of historical facts in oblivion to engage in the description. This research problem consciousness is inherited Marx and Lazonick related research, on the basis of the "factory of the world" because of the position of the relationship between labor and technology and dynamic adaptive and of metastasis is analyzed, and the explanation of how to become the "factory of the world" from technology and Labour relationship interaction match Angle were analyzed, and the process of metastasis to this dynamic analysis of a general, based on the analysis framework. In addition, China's current situation from manufacturing, a large number of farmers to work alone, advanced equipment for enterprise competitive advantage phenomenon, in view of this, this study in the general framework to analyze the basis, this paper discusses the relationship between labor and technical progress dynamic adaptive mechanism in China, on-site management mode of the workshop is analyzed, and the special situation of its future evolution provides Suggestions to further analysis, in order to solve the problems existing in China.
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