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论文编号：	12699
作者编号：	2120192897
上传时间：	2021/8/27 15:30:03
中文题目：	政治技能与领导-成员交换对组织公平的影响机制研究
英文题目：	The influence mechanism of political skill and leader-member exchange on organizational justice
指导老师：	刘俊振
中文关键字：	政治技能；印象管理；领导-成员交换；组织公平
英文关键字：	political skill; impression management; leader-member exchange; organizational justice
中文摘要：	在组织中，个体的个人成就和职业成功不仅依赖于其智商、努力程度，还取决于社交机敏度和人际交往的洞察力。这一普遍观点强调了员工在组织环境中准确理解和有效影响他人的能力的重要性，也就是政治技能的核心概念。政治技能在处理工作的关系中是不可或缺的，在工作场所，很少有关系比领导和员工之间的关系更有影响力。特别是在“关系取向”的华人社会中，领导会根据与下属的关系质量将下属区别对待，对圈内的下属予以更多的关注，并为他们提供更多的资源和机会。因此，有必要将领导与员工间的互动过程和结果纳入对员工政治技能的研究中。目前鲜有研究关注员工的政治技能对领导-成员交换的影响，特别缺少对中介机制的探究。鉴于此，本研究根据印象管理理论，选取最受学者关注的两个印象管理策略——自我提升和逢迎，研究其在员工政治技能与领导-成员交换间的中介作用。 此外，作为一种互动关系，领导-成员交换不仅与员工有关，也和领导有关。尽管员工有不同的向上影响策略，但是最终是由领导选择与谁建立“圈内”关系，与谁建立“圈外”关系。此时，领导划分“圈内”和“圈外”的标准就会涉及到组织公平的问题。鉴于此，本研究借鉴公平理论，进一步探究了基于逢迎建立的领导-成员交换和基于自我提升的领导-成员交换对组织公平的影响。 本研究通过两项子研究来检验假设模型。在研究1中，通过对158名来自不同行业的员工进行问卷调查，利用SPSS和MPLUS对数据进行了同源性检验、信效度分析和回归分析，检验了政治技能、逢迎、自我提升和领导-成员交换的关系。结果显示：（1）政治技能与逢迎和自我提升的使用正相关；（2）逢迎和自我提升策略与领导-成员交换正相关；（3）逢迎和自我提升在追随者政治技能与领导-成员交换间起中介作用。在研究2中，采用实验研究法，设计了两种印象管理和领导-成员交换情境，进一步探讨基于不同标准建立的领导-成员交换对组织公平的影响。311名被试的实验数据分析结果显示，基于自我提升建立的领导-成员交换会促进组织公平，基于逢迎建立的领导-成员交换会破坏组织公平。 本文在理论上丰富了政治技能对领导-成员交换的影响机制研究，并且为领导-成员交换对组织公平潜在的阴暗面的研究提供了新的视角，打开了领导基于不同标准建立交换关系对组织公平影响的黑箱。在实践方面，本文对员工如何建立领导-成员交换关系具有一定的指导意义，并且为领导处理与员工的关系提供了重要的引导作用，即通过鼓励员工提升个人能力和疏远逢迎者来维持组织公平。
英文摘要：	In organizations, personal achievement and career success are not only determined by talents and effort level, but also by social astuteness and interpersonal savviness. This common perspective highlights the importance of employee’s ability to accurately read and effectively impact others in the organizational context, which is central to the construct of political skill. Political skill is indispensable in dealing with work relationships. In workplace, few relationships are more influential than those between leaders and followers. Especially in the "guanxi-oriented" Chinese society, leaders will treat subordinates differently according to the quality of their relationship, paying more attention to the in-group subordinates and providing them with more resources and opportunities. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate the process and results of the interaction between leaders and employees into the study of employees' political skill. However, current research has paid little attention to the effect of followers' political skill on leader-member exchange, especially the underlying mediation mechanism. In view of this, based on impression management theory, this research selects two impression management strategies which are most concerned by scholars, self-promotion and ingratiation, and examines their mediating role in the relationship between followers’ political skill and leader-member exchange. In addition, as an interactive relationship, leader-member exchange is not only related to the subordinate, but also determined by the leader who possess power. Although employees have different upward influence strategies, it is ultimately up to the leader to choose to build the in-group relationship with whom or to build the out- group relationship with whom. At this point, the leader's criteria for establishing relationships will involve the issue of organizational justice. In view of this, this study further explores the influence of ingratiation based leader-member exchange and self-improvement based leader-member exchange on organizational justice. This study conducted two studies to test hypothetical model. In Study 1, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 158 employees from different industries. Using SPSS and MPLUS, we conducted homology test, reliability analysis, validity analysis and regression analysis to examine the relationship between political skill, self-promotion, ingratiation and leader-member exchange. The results showed that: (1) Political skill was positively correlated with the use of ingratiation and self-promotion; (2) Follower ingratiation tactics and self-promotion tactics were positively related to leader-member exchange; (3) Ingratiation and self-promotion mediated the relationship between political skill and leader-member exchange. Study 2 used a laboratory research and designed two impression management and leader-member exchange scenarios to explore the influence of leader-member exchange based on different criteria on organizational justice. The data of 311 subjects showed that the ingratiation based leader-member exchange is negatively related to organizational justice, while self-promotion based leader-member exchange is positively related to organizational justice. This paper theoretically enriches the research on the influence mechanism of political skill on leader-member exchange, and provides a new perspective for the research on the potential dark side of leader-member exchange on organizational justice, opening the black box of the influence of leader-member exchange based on different standards on organizational justice. In practice, this paper has a certain guiding significance for employees to establish leader-member exchange relationship, and provides an important guiding role for leaders to deal with the relationship between employees, that is, to maintain organizational fairness by encouraging employees to improve their personal ability and alienating courtisan.
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