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论文编号：	1262
作者编号：	2120072370
上传时间：	2009/6/13 9:43:41
中文题目：	加大我国档案开放力度研究
英文题目：	The Research to Improve the Ar
指导老师：	伍振华
中文关键字：	档案开放；开放程序；监督救济机
英文关键字：	Archives opening；Procedures o
中文摘要：	档案开放是档案馆一项与公民联系密切的重要工作，对档案事业以及全社会都有重大的意义。但是，目前我国档案开放工作存在着许多问题，档案开放不足是其中一个比较突出的问题。本文首先分析了档案开放和档案公布、现行文件公开的关系，接着从时间纬度、空间维度和档案实际开放率三个角度论述我国档案开放情况，说明档案开放是不充分的。其次，着重分析档案开放不足的原因。主要有：第一，我国社会公众和档案馆工作者对档案信息资源的意识浅薄，尤其是档案馆工作者对档案开放存在比较大的观念上的障碍，不愿意开放档案。第二，我国现有的档案开放法律法规的规定原则性强，过于笼统，在实际工作中可操作性比较差。第三，由于开放档案的历史不长，因此，档案开放工作的基础比较薄弱，比如档案数字化程度太低就严重地制约了档案的开放。第四，国家档案馆对档案工作的评价很少涉及档案开放工作，缺少对开放档案效果的评价，使得档案馆开放档案动力不足。第五，档案馆执行力低下，没有将档案开放的规定和措施贯彻下来。以上种种原因造成了档案开放不足的现状。而保障公民的知情权以及档案事业自身的发展都要求加大档案的开放力度。 本文在分析档案开放不足的原因的基础上，提出以下改进对策：第一，制定专门的档案开放法律，对档案开放进行指导，并且要缩短封闭期和档案移交进馆年限，细化不同种类档案的开放期限，完善降密、解密制度。第二，规范档案主动开放和依申请开放的程序，只有将档案开放以程序的形式加以规定，才能在实施中有法可依。第三，建立健全档案开放的监督救济制度。没有监督，就不能保障权力的正确运用、公民权利的实现，没有救济，在公民权利受到侵害时就无法以其他方式保障公民的权利。现有的档案开放制度缺少监督救济机制，既不能保障公民权利的实现，对档案事业的长远发展也是不利的。第四，档案开放和公共档案馆的建设是分不开的，必须从档案馆事业的高度建设开放的公共档案馆，这也是档案馆的发展方向。第五，从整个社会、国家的角度来看，机关档案室的档案可以开放，但是，要考虑开放的成本、效益以及最终是否实现了使公民知情的目的。最后提议，国家档案局应该以我国档案开放工作的情况为题，做一次全方位、深层次的调研，摸清档案开放工作的真实情况，并研究档案开放存在的障碍，开放不足的原因，并制定出改进对策，切实加大我国档案开放力度。
英文摘要：	Archives opening are a very important work that is closely related with the citizen. It is very significant for the society and the archives. But there are various problems during the work to open archives. The opening is not enough is one of the problems. In this paper, I analysis the relation between archives opening and archives publish, archives opening and current documents publish. Then I introduce the situation of the shorting of opening from three points: the time, the space, and the actual rate of the opening. Then, I analyze the reasons of shorting of opening emphatically. The reasons are: first, the consciousness of the archives information resources is very weak in the public and the archives workers’ mind. Especially the workers have many obstacles in idea to the archives opening. They don’t want to open the archives actually. The second, the laws of archives opening have many general rules. It is difficult to operate in the practice. The third, the history of opening is short in our country, so the basis of the archives opening is not very good. Such as the lack of digital archives and so on. The forth, the assessments system to the archives are lack of the assessments about archives opening. So the archives have little force to do this work. The fifth, the power to execute of the archives is low. The archives don’t execute the measures to open very well. All of the reasons lead to this situation that the archives opening are not abundant. But the insurance of the right to the citizen’s rights and the development of the archives request us to enlarge the opening of the archives. On the basis of analyzing the reasons of shorting of open, the paper puts forward the measures. The first, we should make a special law to instruct this work. And we should shorten the time of close and the transferring to the archives. We should classify the close time of various archives. We should perfect the system of lowering the secret and eliminating the secret. The second, we should make a standard of the procedures of archives opening. If only we made a standard, we can do this work well in the practice. The third, construct a system to supervise the archives opening, and a system to relieve the people’s rights. If there is not any supervision, we can’t guarantee the proper use of the rights and the realization of the citizen’s rights. If there is not any relieve, the citizen can’t protect their rights when they are encroached on. The system of opening is lack of supervision, so we can’t ensure the realization of the citizen’s rights, and it is also bad for the long-term development of the archives. The fifth, in the angel of the whole society and the country, the organs archives can open. But we should consider the cost, the gain and if we have archived the purpose of making them known. At last, I advise the National Archives to make a survey about the archives opening, to clear the actual situations of the archives opening. In this way we can find the obstacles in the opening, the reasons of shorting of open, then we should make some measures to promote the archives opening practically.
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