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论文编号：	12533
作者编号：	2120192790
上传时间：	2021/6/15 12:08:16
中文题目：	基于时变数据的城市救护车排班及布局问题研究
英文题目：	Research on scheduling and layout of urban ambulances based on time-varying data
指导老师：	王谦
中文关键字：	车辆排班；救护车布局；车辆可靠性；VNS算法；SIMIO仿真优化
英文关键字：	vehicle scheduling；ambulance layout; vehicle reliability; VNS algorithm; SIMIO simulation optimization
中文摘要：	院前急救体系作为对急重症患者的进行救治的初始环节，是将患者尽快送达医院使患者接受救治的基础，对挽救患者的生命至关重要。而救护车作为院前急救体系的重要组成部分和医院患者之间的纽带，直接影响着将患者转运到医院的效率。因此，提升救护车的响应时间和效率，是提升患者生存率的前提，也是提升院前急救体系水平的一个重要因素。随着国家治理能力的提高，我国越来越重视公共医疗体系建设，很多一线城市越来越重视院前急救体系的建设，救护车的响应时间也在逐步提升，接近国际水平。但是在发展相对落后的其他城市中，公共急救体系起步较晚，发展水平还较低，因此仍需要思考如何在急救资源有限的情况下提升救护车急救效率的问题。 救护车在工作中涉及到排班、布局以及各时段班次之间的转运问题，这些因素共同驱动着救护车效率的提升。本文以提升救护车的服务水平为落脚点，主要从排班和布局的角度出发，研究如何在资源有限的情况下提升救护车的效率。本文首先基于获得的天津市全年的时变呼叫数据，以最小化救护车均衡负载为目标，构建排班模型，使得救护车能够在各时段按照急救需求安排车辆。之后基于MCLP模型和DSM模型，考虑我国城市道路拥堵且人口密度较高的情况，构建了以行驶时间为标准，以求取最优服务水平为目标的布局模型一，之后又引入车辆可靠性的指标，基于模型一构建了模型二，在证明了两种模型的可行性之后，本文运用启发式算法与仿真优化结合的思想，基于天津市内六区的实际数据对几类模型进行求解，在得到最佳布局的同时，通过SIMIO仿真模型的迭代计算，求取各模型求解结果对应的救护车服务水平，分析现有实际情况下各模型的服务水平。最后运用前一阶段排班模型，选取某一天呼叫数据求取其最佳排班，再选取某一时段对该时段的车辆进行布局的优化。本文通过对救护车排班布局优化的研究，证明了合理的排班布局方案对提升救护车效率是有效的，文中构建的排班模型和布局模型在实际应用上也有一定的借鉴作用。
英文摘要：	The pre-hospital emergency system, as the initial link in the treatment of acute and severe patients, is the basis for sending the patient to the hospital as soon as possible so that the patient can receive treatment, and it is very important to save the patient's life. The ambulance, as an important part of the pre-hospital emergency system and the link between hospital patients, directly affects the efficiency of transferring patients to the hospital. Therefore, improving the response time and efficiency of ambulances is a prerequisite for improving the survival rate of patients and an important factor in improving the level of the pre-hospital emergency system. With the improvement of national governance capabilities, my country is paying more and more attention to the construction of public medical systems. Many first-tier cities are paying more and more attention to the construction of pre-hospital emergency systems. The response time of ambulances is gradually improving, approaching international standards. However, in other cities with relatively backward development, the public first aid system started late and the level of development is still low. Therefore, it is still necessary to think about how to improve the efficiency of ambulance first aid when first aid resources are limited. The work of ambulance involves scheduling, layout, and transfer between shifts at various times. These factors together drive the improvement of ambulance efficiency. This article aims to improve the service level of ambulances, mainly from the perspective of scheduling and layout, to study how to improve the efficiency of ambulances when resources are limited. Based on the time-varying call data obtained throughout the year in Tianjin, this paper firstly builds a scheduling model with the goal of minimizing the load balance of ambulances, so that ambulances can arrange vehicles according to emergency needs at each time period. After that, based on the MCLP model and DSM model, considering the congestion of urban roads and high population density in China, a layout model that takes driving time as the standard and seeks the optimal service level as the goal is constructed, and then the reliability of the vehicle is introduced. Indicators, model two is constructed based on model one. After proving the feasibility of the two models, this paper uses the idea of combining heuristic algorithm and simulation optimization to solve several types of models based on the actual data of the six districts in Tianjin. While obtaining the best layout, through the iterative calculation of the SIMIO simulation model, the ambulance service level corresponding to the solution results of each model is obtained, and the service level of each model under the current actual situation is analyzed. Finally, use the scheduling model of the previous stage to select the call data of a certain day to find the best scheduling, and then select a certain period of time to optimize the layout of vehicles in that period. Through the research on the optimization of ambulance scheduling and layout, this paper proves that a reasonable scheduling scheme is effective in improving the efficiency of ambulances. The scheduling model and layout model constructed in the text also have a certain reference effect in practical applications.
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