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论文编号：	12264
作者编号：	1120160808
上传时间：	2020/12/23 17:00:41
中文题目：	创业者目标导向对效果推理决策逻辑的影响研究
英文题目：	Research on the Effect of Entrepreneurs’ Goal Orientation on Effectuation Decision Making Logic
指导老师：	王迎军
中文关键字：	效果推理；目标导向；创业自我效能感；情绪调节 策略；环境不确定性
英文关键字：	effectuation; goal orientation; entrepreneurial self-efficacy; emotion regulation strategies; environmental uncertainty
中文摘要：	当前，新一轮的科技革命正在兴起，行业边界的模糊和竞争壁垒的消失在为创业者提供了机会的同时，也使得创业形势变得更加严峻。面对易变、不确定、复杂和模糊（VUCA）的创业环境，传统的基于预测和评估的因果推理决策逻辑不再适用，而强调控制和非预测的效果推理决策逻辑则更加有效。鉴于效果推理对创业结果的显著作用，如何诱发创业者更多地使用效果推理进行决策，这一问题具有重要的理论和实践意义。 鉴于此，本研究结合不确定环境下创业决策的现实问题，以社会认知理论、目标导向理论和效果推理理论为基础，整合创业者心理因素与环境特征因素，探究创业者的目标导向（动机因素）、创业自我效能感（认知因素）、情绪调节策略（情绪因素）等心理因素以及环境不确定性（环境特征因素）如何影响效果推理决策逻辑的使用。为更好地理解各变量之间的统计关系和集合关系，采用逐步线性回归方法与模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA）对210份创业者问卷进行分析。 采用逐步线性回归法对研究模型和假设进行验证，研究结果表明：第一，学习目标导向和绩效趋近目标导向对效果推理的柔性、可承受损失、先前承诺和实验四个维度均具有显著的正向影响，绩效规避目标导向对效果推理的柔性、可承受损失、先前承诺和实验四个维度均具有显著的负向影响。第二，创业自我效能感在三种目标导向与效果推理四个维度之间均具有中介作用。第三，作为最常用的情绪调节策略，认知重评策略正向调节学习目标导向、绩效趋近目标导向对创业自我效能感的影响，而认知重评策略对绩效规避目标导向与创业自我效能感之间的调节作用不显著。表达抑制策略在三种目标导向与创业自我效能感之间的调节作用均没有得到支持。第四，环境不确定性正向调节创业自我效能感对效果推理的柔性和实验维度的影响，而环境不确定性对创业自我效能感与效果推理的可承受损失和先前承诺维度间关系的调节作用并不显著。 采用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA），运用组态思维揭示了由目标导向、创业自我效能感、情绪调节策略以及环境不确定性构成的不同组态是触发效果推理的多个等效的并发原因。研究结果表明：第一，有三种组态可以同时驱动效果推理的柔性、实验、可承受损失和先前承诺四个维度，组态一是“高学习目标导向、高绩效趋近目标导向、高创业自我效能感、高认知重评策略、高环境不确定性”；组态二是“高学习目标导向、高绩效趋近目标导向、非高绩效规避目标导向、高创业自我效能感、高表达抑制策略、高环境不确定性”；组态三是“高学习目标导向、高绩效趋近目标导向、高创业自我效能感、高认知重评策略、高表达抑制策略”。第二，有一种组态可以同时驱动效果推理的柔性和可承受损失两个维度，这个组态是“高学习目标导向、高绩效趋近目标导向、高绩效规避目标导向、高创业自我效能感、高认知重评策略、非高表达抑制策略、非高环境不确定性”。第三，有一种组态可以同时驱动效果推理的实验和先前承诺两个维度，这个组态是“高学习目标导向、高绩效趋近目标导向、高绩效规避目标导向、高创业自我效能感、高认知重评策略”。 本研究的主要贡献在于：第一，整合还原论和整体论两个视角，利用线性回归方法和fsQCA方法，探究了创业者的目标导向、创业自我效能感、情绪调节策略与环境不确定性对效果推理决策逻辑的影响，拓展了效果推理的形成机制，深化了关于个体在不确定环境下为何以及如何选择效果推理决策逻辑的研究。第二，本研究以目标导向作为切入点，考察创业者的成就动机因素对效果推理的影响机制。通过比较三种目标导向对效果推理的影响，揭示了不同的成就动机倾向对创业者决策逻辑的影响存在差异性。第三，研究结果验证了创业者动机因素会通过创业自我效能感的中介作用对决策逻辑产生影响，表明了创业自我效能感是影响创业者思维和行为模式的近端前置因素，为后续深入探究社会认知理论及其包含的自我效能感等概念在创业领域中的作用奠定了基础。第四，通过将认知重评和表达抑制两种情绪调节策略引入创业决策研究领域，探究了创业者目标导向发挥作用的边界条件，表明了认知重评和表达抑制两种情绪调节策略对创业者认知和决策逻辑会产生不同的影响。第五，基于创业者心理因素、行为逻辑和环境的三元交互视角，探究了环境不确定性在创业自我效能感与效果推理关系间形成的理论边界，揭示了环境不确定性对创业者认知和决策逻辑的重要作用，启发了后续研究可以整合创业者主体心理因素与外部环境因素，探究它们之间的交互作用对创业决策及行为的影响。
英文摘要：	Nowadays, while the technological revolution provides opportunities for entrepreneurs, it also makes the entrepreneurial situation more severe. Facing the entrepreneurial environment’s volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity, the causation decision-making logic which emphasizes evaluation and prediction is no longer applicable, the effectuation decision-making logic emphasizing control and non-prediction is more effective. Effectuation is acknowledged as a strategic decision-making logic and behavioral mode under conditions of uncertainty. It helps entrepreneurs make progress by trial and error in unpredictable entrepreneurial situations, adjust goals in the entrepreneurial process to find results that may be created. Due to the important role of effectuation in entrepreneurial outcomes, how to improve the use of effectuation has become a hot topic in theory and practice of organizational management． Based on social cognitive theory, goal orientation theory and effectuation theory, this paper integrates the endogenous psychological factors and exogenous environmental factors of entrepreneurs to explore how goal orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, emotion regulation strategies and environmental uncertainty affect effectuation. Multilevel linear regression and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) are used to analyze the data of 210 founders of start-ups. The analysis of multilevel linear regression indicates that learning goal orientation and performance-approach goal orientation have a positive effect on effectuation’s all principles, performance-avoid goal orientation has a negative effect on effectuation’s all principles. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between goal orientations and effectuation．Cognitive reappraisal strategy positively moderates the relationship between learning goal orientation, performance-approach goal orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, cognitive reappraisal strategy has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between performance-avoid goal orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Expression suppression strategy has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between three goal orientations and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Environmental uncertainty moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and effectuation’s flexibility and experiment principles. However, the moderating effects of environmental uncertainty on the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and effectuation’s affordable loss and pre-commitment principles are not significant. The analysis result of fsQCA reveals the different combinations of goal orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, emotion regulation strategies and environmental uncertainty are the equivalent reasons which can elicit effectuation. First, there are three configurations that can simultaneously elicit four dimensions of effectuation. The first configuration is “high learning goal orientation, high performance-approach goal orientation, high entrepreneurial self-efficacy, high cognitive reappraisal strategy and high environmental uncertainty”. The second configuration is “high learning goal orientation, high performance-approach goal orientation, non high performance-avoid goal orientation, high entrepreneurial self-efficacy, high expression suppression strategy and high environmental uncertainty”. The third configuration is “high learning goal orientation, high performance-approach goal orientation, high performance-avoid goal orientation, high entrepreneurial self-efficacy, high expression suppression strategy and high environmental uncertainty. Second, there is a configuration that can simultaneously elicit flexibility and affordable loss of effectuation. The configuration is “high learning goal orientation, high performance-approach goal orientation, high performance-avoid goal orientation, high entrepreneurial self-efficacy, high cognitive reappraisal strategy, non high expression suppression strategy and non high environmental uncertainty”. Third, there is a configuration that can simultaneously elicit the experiment and pre-commitment of effectuation. This configuration is “high learning goal orientation, high performance-approach goal orientation, high performance-avoid goal orientation, high entrepreneurial self-efficacy and high cognitive reappraisal strategy”. The major innovations of this research are reflected in the following five aspects. First, it expands the analysis of the formation mechanism of effectuation. By integrating goal orientation, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, emotion regulation strategies and environmental uncertainty, it verifies that the decision-making logic of entrepreneurs is influenced by their personal psychological mechanism, deepens the research on why and how entrepreneurs use effectuation in uncertain environment. Second, this research takes goal orientation as the starting point to investigate the influence mechanism of entrepreneurs’ achievement motivation factors on effectuation. By comparing the effects of learning goal orientation, performance-approach goal orientation and performance-avoid goal orientation on effectuation, it reveals that different motivational tendencies have different influences on entrepreneurs' decision-making logic, future study can further explore the role of motivational traits in entrepreneurial decision-making and entrepreneurial process. Third, the result shows that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is the proximal factor that affects the thinking mode and behavior mode of entrepreneurs, and verifies that the entrepreneurial motivation factors can influence the decision-making logic through the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This conclusion expands the application scope of social cognitive theory, and lays a foundation for further research to use the social cognitive theory in the field of entrepreneurship. Fourth, by introducing cognitive reappraisal strategy and expression suppression strategy into entrepreneurial decision-making research, it explores the boundary conditions of the effect of goal orientation on effectuation, it also finds that cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression have different effects on entrepreneurs' cognition and decision-making logic. Fifth, this research explores the theoretical boundary formed by environmental uncertainty in the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and effectuation, reveals the important role of environmental uncertainty in entrepreneurs’ decision logic, inspires subsequent research to integrate the psychological factors of entrepreneurs and external environmental factors, and explores the interaction between them on entrepreneurial decision-making and behavior.
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