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论文编号：	120
作者编号：	043139
上传时间：	2007/6/22 18:02:55
中文题目：	组织间关系对IOS协同的作用机理
英文题目：	Study on Mechanism of Inter-or
指导老师：	严建援
中文关键字：	跨组织信息系统;　供应链协同;
英文关键字：	Inter-organizational System (I
中文摘要：	供应链管理正逐步朝供应链各合作企业之间的协同与同时性发展，供应链协同对于提升供应链整体竞争优势至关重要。供应链企业的协同运作，可促进企业间在流程与信息上的整合，并根据企业资源的现况做出最佳安排，以快速响应市场需求。人们普遍认为，供应链上下游企业间建立跨组织信息系统（IOS）会带给合作企业双赢的局面，例如在“制造商—分销商”的模式中，通过IOS共享信息，分销商能够实现更低的采购成本和更快的订单响应速度，制造商则可得到分销商提供的及时有效的市场需求信息，以安排生产和配送。然而，我们通过长期观察发现，在现实的供应链联盟中，信息不对称、收益不均衡是很常见的，优势往往倾向于强势一方的核心企业。类似的，一些公司为实现供应链协同运作付出了努力，然而实际效果并不理想，并未带来供应链整体竞争力的提升。因此，本研究针对上述跨组织信息系统在供应链管理中的应用以及供应链协同在企业界实际情况的分析，IOS与供应链协同之间的关系不是预先确定的，供应链上下游企业的组织间关系在其中扮演着重要角色，因此，本研究主要探讨供应链上下游合作企业的组织间关系在跨组织信息系统（IOS）影响供应链协同过程中的作用机理。通过相关文献回顾和评述，在个案初探的基础上，选择信任、承诺、权力、专属性投资、沟通以及供应链绩效认知方式等作为IOS协同的关键影响因素，提出相应的理论假设。在研究设计中，从已有问项库中选择了一些有效问项构成了研究概念的相关量表，并通过对预调查数据的分析，对量表进行了提炼、补充和修正。正式调查发放书面问卷170份、电子问卷30份，共获得有效问卷158份。数据分析时，首先对样本基本特征进行了描述性分析，以及变量的描述性统计分析；其次，对问卷的有效性进行了检验，并用信度分析检验了测量问题的内部一致性；然后，通过回归分析与调节变量的One-way ANOVA检验及分组回归分析，对研究假设进行验证。随后，运用结构方程对理论假设进一步深入研究。本研究结果显示，组织间关系、供应链绩效认知方式在IOS协同中起着重要作用。主要研究发现如下：第一，组织间关系和供应链绩效认知方式在IOS协同中都起着影响作用，但作用机理不同。组织间关系对IOS协同包含有调节作用（如信任、承诺、权力），而供应链绩效认知方式对IOS协同起的是中介作用，因此要区别对待。第二，组织间关系的不同要素在IOS协同中的作用机理不同，作用效果也不同，因此也要区别对待。信任、承诺、权力对IOS协同起的是调节作用，而沟通对IOS协同既有调节作用也有中介作用；信任、承诺、非强制性权力、沟通对IOS协同具有正向作用，强制性权力对对IOS协同具有负向作用，而没有发现专属性投资对IOS协同存在显著作用。第三，信任、承诺对IOS协同具有正向调节作用。在IOS能力与供应链协同的关系中，需要信任、承诺等调节变量发挥积极作用。这说明从长远的角度来看，合作双方仅仅建立跨组织信息系统是不够的，而组织间关系的重要因素（信任、承诺等）在其中具有重要作用。研究发现，信任和承诺是组织间协作的基础，组织间信任的增加有助于供应链组织间的信息整合和运作协调。因此，合作双方必须注重组织间关系的持续改善才有利于供应链整体协同，从而提升供应链整体竞争力。第四，组织间不同性质权力对IOS协同的调节作用不同。通过调研数据分析我们发现，强制性权力在IOS能力影响供应链协同的过程中起到负向调节作用，而非强制性权力在IOS能力影响供应链协同的过程中起到正向调节作用。这说明，供应链合作企业之间运用不同性质的权力对双方的合作会产生明显不同的两种效果。此研究结果表示供应链成员应实行非强制性的影响策略，彼此共同分享信息，并提供支持政策以及具有建设性的建议等，这将能提升协同效果，并促进双方长期协作。第五，没有发现专属性投资对IOS协同具有显著作用。单因素方查检验时所发现的专属性投资对供应链协同的影响显著可能是受到IOS能力的影响而表现出显著，结构方程的检验结果说明了这一点。第六，组织间沟通对IOS协同同时具有正向调节作用和正向中介作用，同时也直接影响供应链协同。这说明沟通不仅仅是信息传递，还会起到协调作用，有助于排除供应链中的障碍，使得合作双方相互理解，促进协作。第七，供应链绩效认知方式对IOS协同具有正向中介作用，同时也直接影响供应链协同。研究发现，供应链合作企业间建立供应链绩效来评价、考核合作双方的供应链运作状况，并据此进行改进，这直接有利于供应链协同过程。此外，供应链绩效认知方式对于供应链协同的三个不同层次（战略协同、运作协同、柔性协同）均产生正向作用。
英文摘要：	Supply chain management is developing towards the cooperativity and synchronism among parterners. Synchronism plays a key role in improving competitive advantage of the whole supply chain, which enhances the conformity of business processes and information among partners. What's more, it helps enterprises make the best plan based on their resource to respond the requirement of market quickly. Many people think that establishing Inter-organizational System (IOS) among supply chain can bring partners win-win situation. For example, in the “manufacturer-distributer” model, by sharing information through IOS distributers can achieve faster ordering speed and lower stock cost. As a return, manufacturer may arrange its production and distribution more advisablely basing on requirement information from distributers. However, by longtime research we find that info-asymmetry and profit disequilibrium exists in the supply chain system. Usually, core enterprises have more priorities. Analogously, some companies make great efforts for collaboration but contribute little to competitiveness of the whole supply chain. With reference to questions mentioned above, the collaboration based on IOS can't be achieved in advance, as inter organizational relationship in supply chain plays a key role in it. So, aiming at promotion of the supply chain performance we discuss the function of organizational relationship in the impact of IOS on supply chain collaboration. Through literature review, we put forward two propositions based on case study. Then we select trust, commitment, power, specialized investment, communication and supply chain performance cognitive style as key factors in the impact of IOS on supply chain collaboration, basing on which an integrated conceptual model was developed and a series of theoretical hypotheses were put forward. During the designing procedure of questionnaire, some effective items were sleceted from extant item pool to develop relevant scales for the research constructs. Based on the evaluation of reliability and validity of pilot survey data, the items of scales were purified and the modified questionnaire was formulated. The formal survey includes 170 copies of writen questionnaires and 30 copies of e-questionaires. As a result, the effective respondents were 158 sets. Firstly, the descriptive analyses of survey were given. Secondly, through reliability analsis we checked the internal consistency reliability and validity of questionnaire. Thirdly, by regression analysis, One-Way ANOVA and group regression analysis, theoretical hypotheses were checked. At last, through discussion we made emendation to the conceptual model. The study shows that organizational relationship and supply chain performance cognitive style play a key role in the impact of IOS on supply chain collaboration. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1. Inter organizational relationship and supply chain performance cognitive style impact supply chain collaboration, but the system is different. Inter organizational relationship includes moderators, but supply chain performance cognitive style has mediate effect. 2. Different factors of inter organizational relationship impact supply chain collaboration differently, including system and effect. 3. The relationships between IOS and supply chain collaboration are mediated by trust and commitment positively. From a longterm point of view, it is still not enough if the two sides only establish IOS without such important factos as trust and commitment. Study shows that trust and commitment are the foundation of organizational cooperation. Moreover, increasing trust can contribute to the information integration and operating cooperation. So, the two sides must concentrate to improve relationship all the time. Only that, the whole chain competitiveness may be increased. 4. Different kind of power has different mediating function in the relationships between IOS and supply chain collaboration. Through data analysis we find that compelling power is negative but non-compelling power is positive, which provides that different kinds of power result in two adverse results. So, we suggest supply chain members should carry out non-compelling strategy by sharing information and providing supporting policy in order to improve collaboration effectively and promote longterm cooperation between two sides. 5. It is not found that specialized investment has significent effect on the relationships between IOS and supply chain collaboration. 6. The relationships between IOS and supply chain collaboration are mediated and moderated by communication positively and communication promotes supply chain collaboration at the same time. Communication is not only exchange of information but also has coordinative effect in supply chain. It helps to remove obstacles so as that the two sides can understand each other and cooperate well. 7. Supply chain performance cognitive style has moderate effect on the relationship of IOS and supply chain collaboration, and impacts supply chain collaboration directly. Study shows that parterners set up PI to evaluate, check and improve the supply chain operation, which is in favor of supply chain collaboration. Supply chain performance cognitive style can all promotes strategic collaboration, operational collaboration and flexible collaboration.
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