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论文编号：	11844
作者编号：	2120182981
上传时间：	2020/6/22 18:28:09
中文题目：	性别角色观念对创业选择的影响——基于性别的比较研究
英文题目：	The Influence of Gender Role Attitude on Entrepreneurial Choice——Comparative Research Based on Gender
指导老师：	张玉利
中文关键字：	性别角色观念；创业选择；企业家精神；创业性别差异
英文关键字：	Gender role attitude; Entrepreneurial choice; Entrepreneurship; Gender difference in entrepreneurs
中文摘要：	创业是推动经济发展和社会进步的巨大动力引擎，在国家双创政策的支持下，越来越多的人加入到了创业浪潮，其中活跃着不少女性创业者的身影，她们对经济社会产生了重大促进作用，然而不容忽视的是女性较低的创业发生率，创业行为的性别差异仍然显著。 有学者指出，性别角色观念是导致创业过程中性别差异的重要变量，国外已有研究证实了创业领域性别角色观念对创业意愿的影响，但国内尚无学者涉及相关主题。本研究旨在探索中国情境下性别角色观念对其两性创业选择的影响及其作用机制。基于对相关文献的梳理回顾，本文结合角色认同理论和计划行为理论，提出了性别角色观念影响两性创业选择的假设模型，本文采用中国综合社会调査（CGSS）最新发布的2015年的数据展开基于性别的比较研究，通过对714个男性样本和737个女性样本进行实证分析以检验假设模型，得出以下结论：（1）以“男主外，女主内”为核心的传统性别角色观念对女性的创业选择具有直接的抑制作用，对男性的创业选择没有显著影响，创业性别差距由此形成；（2）企业家精神下的三个维度：冒险精神、创新精神及主动精神均能显著促进两性个体的创业选择；（3）传统性别角色观念会通过显著负向影响女性的创新精神进而抑制女性个体的创业选择。 本研究的主要理论贡献在于：在中国情境下，从新的社会文化视角解释创业选择性别差距的成因，首次采用实证分析法证实了性别角色观念是影响女性创业选择和导致创业性别差异的重要因素，有助于深化理解创业性别差距的社会文化根源，并为国内后续相关研究提供参考。此外，在实际价值方面，本研究为个人、政府、高校、舆论媒体等提出了相应的建议，致力于推动性别角色观念更趋现代化，以鼓励女性创业，助力我国经济增长。 关键词：性别角色观念；创业选择；企业家精神；创业性别差异
英文摘要：	Entrepreneurship is a huge driving force for economic development and social progress. Because of the support of the national entrepreneur polices, more and more people have become entrepreneurs. Among them, many female entrepreneurs are active, and they have caused economic and social development which has a significant effect. But it cannot be ignored that the ratio of women entrepreneurs is low, and the gender difference in entrepreneurs still exists. Some foreign scholars point out that the gender role attitude is an important variable that leads to gender differences in the entrepreneurial process. Studies abroad have confirmed the impact of the gender role attitude on entrepreneurial intention, but there are no domestic scholars studying related topics. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of gender role attitude on the entrepreneurial choice and its mechanism in China. Based on a review of relevant literature, this paper applies the role identity theory and the planned behavior theory to propose a hypothetical model in which gender role attitude affects individuals’ entrepreneurial choices. This article uses the latest 2015 data released by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to conduct a gender-based comparative study. This study tested the hypothetical model through an empirical analysis of 714 male samples and 737 female samples. And this research draws the following conclusions: (1) The traditional gender role attitude has a direct inhibitory effect on females’ entrepreneurial choices, but has no significant impact on male entrepreneurial choices. The gender difference in entrepreneurs is thus formed; (2) the three dimensions representing entrepreneurship: adventurous spirit, creative spirit and initiative spirit can significantly promote the entrepreneurial choices of both genders; (3) traditional gender role attitude has a significant negative impact on females' creative spirit and then inhibits females' entrepreneurial choices. The main theoretical contributions of this research are: in the context of China, the reasons for the gender gap in entrepreneurial choices are explained from a new socio-cultural perspective; empirical analysis has been used to confirm that gender role attitude affects females’ entrepreneurial choices and is the important factor that leads to gender differences in entrepreneurship for the first time. That helps to deepen the understanding of the social and cultural roots of the gender difference in entrepreneurs and provide references for subsequent domestic related researches. In addition, in terms of realistic value, this study provides corresponding suggestions for individuals, governments, universities, social media, etc. This research is dedicated to modernizing the gender role attitude and promoting gender equality which can encourage women to start businesses and promote China's economic growth. Key Words：Gender role attitude; Entrepreneurial choice; Entrepreneurship; Gender difference in entrepreneurs
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