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论文编号：	11663
作者编号：	2120183003
上传时间：	2020/6/19 16:44:44
中文题目：	个人主义-集体主义对器官捐献的影响机制研究
英文题目：	Study on the mechanism of individualism-collectivism influence on organ donation
指导老师：	李建标
中文关键字：	器官捐献；个人主义-集体主义；感知利益；互惠
英文关键字：	Organ donation behavior; Individualism-collectivism; Perceived benefit; Reciprocity
中文摘要：	器官移植技术是现代医学领域的重大突破，是有效治疗脏器功能衰竭的手段，为无数患者带来重生的希望。然而，器官短缺一直是全世界面临的共同难题。对于中国而言，庞大的人口基数使得中国的人均器官捐献率也远远低于其他国家，特别是随着2015年死囚器官的禁止使用，器官供求形势愈发严峻。因此，研究器官捐献的影响因素，对提高器官捐献率、缓解器官供需矛盾具有重大的现实意义。 部分学者已从外部激励（经济补偿、优先分配规则、默认规则等机制设计）和内部个体差异（对器官捐献的态度、认知、信念、个性特征等心理因素和人口统计学特征）角度研究了影响器官捐献行为的因素，但我们发现还未有学者从个体文化价值观的角度出发研究其对器官捐献行为的影响。文化价值观对人的态度、信念和决策行为有重要影响，而个人主义-集体主义是文化价值观的一个重要维度，是指个体对集体目标和利益的重视程度。基于此，本文旨在探究个人主义-集体主义对器官捐献的影响及其作用机制，在此基础上寻求提高器官捐献的有效方式。 本研究采用调查实验的方式，借助线上问卷平台收集的645份有效数据，通过建立器官捐献的模型，探讨了个人主义-集体主义对器官捐献意图的影响及感知利益、身体完整性和互惠在个人主义-集体主义与器官捐献的关系中是否发挥中介效应。回归结果显示：个人主义-集体主义对个体器官捐献意图有正向影响，集体主义倾向越高，器官捐献意图越强烈；感知利益、互惠在个人主义-集体主义与器官捐献的关系中发挥部分中介效应，身体完整性的中介效应不显著。基于研究结果，本文提出了相应的建议，以最大化地发挥政府、媒体等的社会治理作用，提高人们自愿捐献器官的意识。 总之，本研究创新性地从文化价值观的视角，率先探究了个体层面个人主义-集体主义对器官捐献的影响并厘清了内在因果机制，这不仅丰富了器官捐献领域的研究成果，为未来的研究指明了新方向；也为政府等相关组织的器官捐献治理工作提供了新的参考。
英文摘要：	Organ transplantation technology is a major breakthrough in the field of modern medicine. It is an effective means to treat organ failure and brings hope of rebirth to countless patients. However, organ shortages have been a common problem across the world. As for China, its huge population makes organ donation rate per capita far lower than that of other countries. Especially, with the ban on the use of organs from executed prisoners in 2015, the situation of organ supply and demand has become increasingly severe.Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the influencing factors of organ donation to improve the organ donation rate and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of organs. Some scholars have studied the factors affecting organ donation behavior from the perspectives of external incentives (mechanism design such as economic compensation, priority allocation rules, the default rule) and internal individual differences (psychological factors such as attitude toward organ donation, cognition, beliefs, personality characteristics and demographic characteristics), but we found no scholars from the perspective of individual cultural values to study the influence on organ donation behavior. Cultural values have an important influence on people's attitudes, beliefs and decision-making behaviors, and individualism-collectivism is an important dimension of cultural values. Individualism-collectivism refers to the degree to which individuals attach importance to collective goals and interests. Based on this, this paper aims to explore the influence of individualism-collectivism on organ donation and its mechanism, and on this basis to seek effective ways to improve organ donation. This study with the method of research experiment, with the help of the online questionnaire to collect 645 valid data platform, by establishing the model of organ donation, the influence of individualism-collectivism on organ donation intention and the mediation effect of perceived benefits, body integrity and reciprocity in the relationship between individualism-collectivism and organ donation was discussed. The regression results showed that: individualism-collectivism had a positive influence on the intention of individual organ donation. The higher the tendency of collectivism was, the stronger the intention of organ donation was. The relationship between individualism-collectivism and organ donation is partly mediated by perceived benefit and reciprocity, but the mediation effect of body integrity is not significant. Based on the research results, this paper proposes corresponding suggestions to maximize the role of the government and the media in social governance and raise people's awareness of voluntary organ donation. In conclusion, from the perspective of cultural values, this study took the lead in exploring the impact of individualism-collectivism on organ donation at the individual level and clarified the intrinsic causal mechanism, which not only enriched the research results in the field of organ donation, but also pointed out a new direction for future research. It also provides a new reference for the organ donation governance work of the government and other related organizations.
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