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论文编号：	11279
作者编号：	2320170393
上传时间：	2019/12/11 10:18:46
中文题目：	J公司客滚船运营业务的风险管理研究
英文题目：	Research on Ro-Ro Passenger Ship''s Operational Risk Management of Company J
指导老师：	梁峰
中文关键字：	航运企业;客滚船运营;风险管理;层次分析法
英文关键字：	Shipping Enterprises;Ro-ro Passenger Ship Transportation Operation;Risk Management;Analytic Hierarchy Process
中文摘要：	近年来，海运业呈现自由化趋势，随着全球化进程的加剧，国际航运市场的竞争也越来越激烈。同时，当前的世界经济及贸易格局也在不断发生着变化，各种影响因素也逐渐增多。国际航运市场基于这样的经济与贸易态势，反映出了强烈的波动性。而随着这种波动性的加剧，航运企业的经营风险也在不断上升。 随着近些年社会进步与经济形势的向好，人们出国（境）游的热情度日益高涨，在选用海上交通出行手段的时候往往会选择客滚船，这就对客滚船在海上航行的安全性、稳定性、舒适性、快速性，以及装载车辆、集装箱货物仓位的安全性提出了更高的要求。当前，国外客滚船的运输主要汇集在欧洲地区以及日本各岛之间和美国邻海地区。从我们国家的情况来看，当前我国的客滚船运输形成了分别以渤海湾为核心、以琼州海峡为核心、以杭州湾为核心以及以长江为核心的几部分运输区域。 J公司是中小型国有航运企业，常年经营中韩航线的客滚船运输业务，目前经营的TR轮是一艘有着28年船龄的客货滚装船舶。J公司虽然对客滚船的运营有比较丰富的管理经验和专业的船舶技术优势，但受诸如政策、市场、气候等因素的影响，依然面临各种风险以及应对不当可能带来的损失。因此，做好风险管理是企业经营的重点。基于这样的研究背景，且由于J公司在同类型企业中具有较强的代表性，因此论文将其作为典型案例进行研究讨论。 首先，绪论部分概括了国际航运市场近些年的发展形势，介绍了本文的选题背景，再分别从宏观和微观的角度分析了研究风险管理的意义。然后介绍了本文研究的主要内容：通过全面分析航运企业经营中的问题，识别出客滚船海上运营中面临的所有风险。通过识别和度量，将所有的风险分类分层级，再有针对地提出风险应对、风险监控的方法和措施。最后介绍了论文的研究方法：文献阅读法、调研分析法、案例研究法，并制作出论文结构图。 其次，论文对相关理论与文献进行了回顾。阐述了风险、风险管理的定义；介绍了风险管理理论引进过程及风险管理技术；介绍了风险识别、风险评价、风险应对和风险监控四方面的风险管理基础理论。 在论文的核心部分，对客滚船运输行业的风险独特性进行了分析，并在此基础上对风险进行识别与度量，然后为企业提出了风险应对的方法与监控措施。 由于客滚船运营中遇到的独特性风险是建立在行业特点、企业特点以及航线特点之上的，因此，论文在此部分，首先描述了我国航运企业和客滚船运输行业的发展现状和特点，然后对J公司和TR轮的整体情况进行了综述，并对中韩航线客滚船运营业务的前景运用PEST工具，从政治环境、经济环境、社会环境和技术环境四个方面进行了分析，得出了宏观环境有利于J公司继续运营中韩航线客滚船的结论。最后，从对客滚船本身的独特性和中韩航线的独特性分析，推论出客滚船在运营时遇到的风险具有的五方面独特性质，分别是：船体结构带来的风险、货运环节可能引发的风险、客运环节可能引发的安全和收益风险、航线因素带来的风险以及企业性质带来的风险。从而得出结论：风险管理对J公司客滚船运营的必要性。 接下来，对J公司客滚船运营的主要风险进行识别与度量。 在风险识别环节，首先，采用头脑风暴法对总体风险因素进行识别；其次，用鱼骨图法，从人员、机器、物料、方法、环境五个方面对货运环节可能产生的风险进行识别；再次，用服务蓝图法针对客运环节进行风险的识别。最后，通过以上方法的运用，将客滚船运营风险因素分为4大类（市场、环境、管理、技术）和14项。 在风险度量环节，运用层次分析法，将识别出的所有风险按照权重进行总排序，划分出风险重要程度等级，为企业下一步采取应对方法和监控措施提供参考依据。 最后，论文有针对性地提出了客滚船运营风险的应对方法和监控措施，并根据实际情况提出了改进措施和建议，为今后客滚船的海上运营风险管理提供参考。 论文在结尾部分，分析了研究的不足之处，并对后续的研究讨论进行了展望，希望将论文中的风险管理理论知识与理论工具更好地运用到企业的实际工作中，为企业提升风险管理水平提供理论依据。 关键词：航运企业；客滚船运营；风险管理；层次分析法
英文摘要：	In recent years, the maritime industry showed a trend of liberalization, with the intensification of globalization, the international shipping market competition is becoming more and more intense. At the same time, the current world economy and trade patterns are continuously changing. All kinds of factors are increasingly influence on international shipping market, therefore, market volatility becomes stronger and stronger, as a result, the volatility makes the risks of shipping enterprises is rising. In recent years, with the development of economy and society, when people travel abroad, the choice of sea transport is increasing, which puts forward higher requirements on the safety, stability, comfort, rapidity of ro-ro passenger ships transportation, as well as the safety of loading vehicles and container cargo space consideration. At present, the international passenger ship transportation mainly concentrates in Europe's Baltic Sea, the North Sea, and the Mediterranean area and between the Japanese islands and the United States coastal area. For China, at present, our country's ro-ro passenger ship transportation market grows around Bohai bay. The South China Sea passenger rolling transportation market centered on Qinzhou strait, Hangzhou bay, and Yangtze River. The TR ship operated by J Company is a passenger/cargo ro-ro ship with the age of 28 years, which is engaged in passenger/cargo liner transportations of china-south Korea route. Although J company has rich management experience and professional ship technology advantages in the operation of ro-ro passenger ship, it still faces various risks and possible losses caused by improper response due to factors such as policy, market, climate, etc. Therefore, risk management is the key point of enterprise management. Based on this research background, and because J company has strong representativeness in the same type of enterprises, this paper takes it as a typical case to study and discuss. First, the introduction part summarizes the development situation of the international shipping market in recent years; this part also introduces the background of this paper, and then analyzes the significance of risk management from the macro and micro perspectives. Then it introduces the main content of this paper: through a comprehensive analysis of the problems in the operation of shipping enterprises, and identify all the risks faced by the passenger roll ship in the operation of the sea. Through identification and measurement, all risks divides into different levels, and then the methods and measures of risk response and risk monitoring are put forward. Finally, this part introduces the research methods of the paper: literature reading, research and analysis, case study, and the structure of the paper. Secondly, the paper reviews the relevant theories and literature. This paper expounds the definition of risk and risk management, introduces the process of risk management theory and risk management technology, and explicit four basic risk management theories of risk identification, risk evaluation, risk response and risk monitoring. In the core part of the paper, the risk uniqueness of ro-ro passenger ship transportation industry is analyzed, basing on the analyze result, the risk is identified and measured, then the risk response methods and monitoring measures are proposed for enterprises. Because the unique risks encountered in the operation of ro-ro passenger ships are basing on the characteristics of the industry, the enterprise and the routes, therefore, this part first describes the development status and characteristics of China's shipping enterprises and ro-ro passenger ship transportation industry. This part also summarizes the overall situation of J Company and TR ship, also the prospect of the operation of ro-ro passenger ships on the routes between China and South Korea using pest engineering. This paper analyzes the political, economic, social, as well as technical environment, and draws the conclusion that the macro environment is conducive to J Company’s continued operation of ro-ro passenger ship in China and South Korea routes. Finally, from the analysis of the uniqueness of the ro-ro passenger ship and the route between China and South Korea, the conclusion is that the risks encountered in the operation of the ro-ro passenger ship have five unique characteristics. They are the risks brought by the hull structure; the possible risks caused by the freight link; the possible safety and income risks caused by the passenger link, the risks brought by the route factors and the risks brought by the nature of the enterprise. The conclusion is that the risk management is necessary for the operation of ro-ro passenger ship of J Company. Next, identify and measure the main risks of the roll on / roll off operation of J Company. In the process of risk identification, firstly, the brainstorming method is used to identify the overall risk factors; secondly, the fishbone diagram method is used to identify the possible risks in the freight transport process from five aspects: personnel, machinery, materials, methods and environment; thirdly, the service blueprint method is used to identify the risks in the passenger transport environment. Finally, through the application of the above methods, the operation risk factors of ro-ro passenger ships divides into four categories (market, environment, management, technology) and 14 items. In the process of risk measurement, AHP is used to rank all the identified risks according to their weights, and to classify the importance level of risks, to provide reference for enterprises to take countermeasures and monitoring measures in the next step. Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and monitoring measures for the operation risk of ro-ro passenger ships, and puts forward the improvement measures and suggestions according to the actual situation, to provide a reference for the future risk management of ro-ro passenger ships. At the end of the paper, the shortcomings of the research are analyzed, and the future research and discussion are prospected. It is hoped that the theoretical knowledge and tools of risk management in the paper can be better applied to the actual work of the enterprise to provide theoretical basis for the enterprise to improve the level of risk management. Key words: Shipping enterprises; Ro-ro Passenger Ship Transportation Operation; Risk Management; Analytic Hierarchy Process
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