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论文编号：	11108
作者编号：	1120140812
上传时间：	2019/12/6 21:57:31
中文题目：	数字经济情境下的价值共创机制研究
英文题目：	Research on Value Co-creation Mechanism under Digital Economy Circumstances
指导老师：	任学锋 张玉利
中文关键字：	数字经济；价值共创；信息传导机制；网络效应；网络中立
英文关键字：	digital economy;value co-creation;information transmission mechanism; network effect; net neutrality
中文摘要：	数字经济是信息通信技术（Information Communication Technology, ICT，下同）广泛应用、融合于制造业经济体所展现出的一类新经济形态统称。本研究聚焦数字经济情境中的“价值共创”这一类价值创造方式，通过识别其关键因素及作用关系，从而归纳这一类情境中价值共创的一般作用机制。通过整合多学科、不同视角的理论研究和实践经验，本研究得出以下三方面的发现：第一，数字经济中最普遍也最关键的生产要素是数据，数据密集型的数字产品和服务的成本结构共同特征是：生成数据和相关信息的固定成本高，同时，复制的边际成本低且不受规模限制。产品和服务的市场情境也不是完全竞争市场：数字产品和服务的市场需求存在普遍的异质性和定制化特征。因此，数据信息产品的定价基准取决于用户需求程度而非生产成本。同时，网络效应对数字产品需求的杠杆机制使得最大程度发掘并满足用户需求成为数字经济情境下价值创造活动的根本导向，而网络效应的效果体现在数字情境中传导数据化的信息的机制运行效率。第二，在衡量数字经济模式价值和增长前景时，用户数量规模是最重要的观测变量和衡量依据。数字经济中，企业竞争力的重要标志之一就是争取和保有活跃用户数量的能力。在用户规模与互补者（Complementor）规模相互增长的“鸡——蛋”相生循环中，用户规模是循环的起始环节和运行初始动力，也是补充者规模增长的格兰杰原因（Granger Cause）。对加密数字网络以太坊数据进行向量自回归（VAR）的实证分析表明，活跃用户数是量化描述数字经济规模和衡量企业竞争优势的关键变量，直接决定了数字社区或平台中信息传导机制的效率，后者是虚拟网络和数字生态等商业模式中影响价值共创活动效率的关键机制。实证研究表明，数字化社区内网络效应和间接网络效应通过信息传导机制发挥作用，最终影响到社区用户规模和整体市值。因此，信息传导机制是影响数字生态实现价值共创效率的关键机制。第三，数字经济模式持续、深入地发展需要至少在以下两个方面做到充分平衡和考量：第一，数据信息在生成、传导、接收等环节的效率和公平性。在确保市场公平竞争机制的前提下，保护数据信息传导技术创新和信息基础设施投资获得充分激励，又要防止垄断和歧视现象发生，从而降低数字经济活跃度和广度。第二，数据权属与使用权的平衡。数据反映出用户的特定信息，例如隐私，是用户所有的资源，如何在用户隐私保护、分享数据收益和数字经济中企业充分获取并授权使用这些数据方面实现平衡，同样是数字经济中企业发展战略、监管治理以及机制设计需要充分考虑的问题。本研究的理论贡献和创新点同样体现在三个方面：第一，对前沿的数字技术影响经济形态的共性特征进行了系统归纳，丰富了国内文献对数字经济的认知体系，将数字经济情境的技术背景作为内生变量纳入价值共创机制模型，充分肯定了数字情境的开源性和连结性（Connectivity）的作用；第二，目前数字经济和价值共创的研究以概念化的构想和案例分析为主，而且两者之间的研究处于相对隔绝的状态。本文尝试整合这两方面的研究，提炼数字经济情境下价值共创的实现特征及一般机制，在构建理论模型的同时提供了场景案例分析和实证检验；第三，对以区块链、5G技术为代表的前沿数字技术传导“信任”信息的应用进行了场景分析，并从制度和技术的角度论证了数字经济中信息传导效率与公平、数据隐私与权益分配等问题的两类解决方案，为数字技术与传统行业融合的情境及相应治理机制的制定提供了借鉴。
英文摘要：	Digital economy is mainly characterized by broad and in-depth utlization of information communication technology (ICT) along with its embedment into manufacturing economic entities. This dissertation focuses on a type of representative value creating activity named value co-creation under digital economy circumstances and proposes a generalized mechanism by identifying key factors and inter-relationship thereinto, trying to combine theoretical conclusions from multiple disciplines and perspectives into a generalized framework to reach a more comprehensive characteristics profile of digital economy and value creation activities within. There are three main findings in this dissertation: First of all, since key inputs in digital economy are data and related information flow, the cost structure of data and information-intense product and service is comprised of high first copy cost with almost zero marginal cost. Meanwhile, market on the demand side is not one with perfect competition: high heterogeneity and customized characteristics prevail among data, and different customers evaluate the same information and data product differently. Therefore, pricing strategy should be based on the intensity of customer demand instead of production cost. Consequently, entities under digital economy circumstances mainly pursue economies of scale on the demand side: the higher demand is, the lower first copy cost is amortized per unit. Characteristics discussed above imply that exploring and meeting heterogeneous customer demand is the paramount principle of value creation activity under digital economy circumstances. Secondly, in evaluating digital economy business model, active user number during a certain period is a critical variable. During the "Chick-Egg" cycle of user and complementor numbers growth, increasing user number is the initial driving force and the Granger cause of complementor numbers. Empirical results from Ethereum data indicate that active user number is a critical and reliable variable in describing and measuring scale of a digital economy entity and the competitive advantage of network-based enterprises. For one thing, the primary goal of a digital mode firm operation strategy should be maximizing active user numbers. For another, increasing active users help to attract multiple complementors, enhancing corresponding network effect and indirect network effect, and ultimately increase network overall value. Thirdly, active user number is a critical variable reflecting the efficiency of information transmission in a digital network, and has a significant positive effect on both network activity and overall market capitalization (MC). And finally, information transmission mechanism is fundamental to network's ability to incentivize value co-creation activities within and to the network's competitive advantage over rivals. The efficiency of information transmission within platform or ecosystem-mediated network directly influences the occurrence and the effect of (indirect) network effect in perspectives of cost, speed and privacy protection issue etc., and ultimately influences the overall scale of network and competitive advantage. Thirdly, to maintain a sustainable and further developing digital economy, it is necessary to sufficiently balance the efficiency and justice in data information generation, transmission and delivery either from enterprise strategy or regulatory authority. Under fair market competition mechanism, on one hand, it is important to protect the proper incentives for information technique innovation and network infrastructure investments. On the other, it is necessary to prevent monopoly or discrimination behaviors that might hinder the scale and activity of digital economy. In addition, data generated by user reflect certain specific information. One necessary challenge that all digital economy business models must face is how to balance privacy protection, data revenue redistribution and sufficient data usage with fully empowerment. The theoretical contribution and innovation of this dissertation include the following three parts: First, a systematic review on generalized characteristics and profile of digital economy enriches extant research in this area. Incorporated as endogenous variables into the proposed model, network connectivity is fully recognized in value co-creation activities within. Second, most extant research findings on digital economy and value co-creation are either built upon conceptual theoretic model or summarized by case analysis, and research progresses on this two schools are carried out separately. This dissertation makes an attempt to combine these two schools with more relevant disciplines and solid empirical analysis into a comprehensive and generalized framework. Third, by analyzing features of crypto-economy techniques such as blockchain from mechanism design perspective and some of their practical application scenarios, this dissertation provides some guidelines for blockchain techniques in fields of mechanism design, commercial application and public governance.
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