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论文编号：	10218
作者编号：	1120130830
上传时间：	2018/6/12 8:25:34
中文题目：	科学数据共享影响因素的理论模型构建和实证研究
英文题目：	Theoretical model and empirical study on the influencing factors of scientific data sharing
指导老师：	王芳
中文关键字：	科学数据；数据共享；制度理论；计划行为理论
英文关键字：	Scientific Data; Data Sharing；Institutional Theory; Theory of Planned Behavior
中文摘要：	科研人员作为科学数据提供者和利用者，从个体角度探索数据共享影响因素的研究具有重要意义。本研究目的是通过检验制度环境、技术和个人动机等方面对科研人员数据共享的影响程度，构建理论模型，并在社会科学和海洋科学领域获取样本数据，对模型和假设进行检验，深入探讨科研人员角度的数据共享影响因素。本文基于新制度理论和计划行为理论，提出理论模型和研究假设，发放调查问卷采集研究数据，运用结构方程模型验证所提模型和假设。开展海洋科学领域数据共享的案例研究，与实证结果互为相验证，进一步丰富数据共享的影响因素，结合实证和案例研究，提出科学数据共享政策建议。本项研究的主要内容如下：第一，现有研究的回顾和梳理，总结不足和进展，明确研究相关的概念和理论。分析计划行为理论和新制度理论在科研人员数据共享影响因素研究中应用的可行性，为后续模型构建奠定理论基础。第二，基于计划行为理论和新制度理论，结合已有研究有关科学数据共享影响因素的梳理，从制度、技术和个人三个层面，感知职业获益、感知职业风险、感知努力、学术利他主义、感知主观规范压力、感知资助机构压力、感知期刊出版商压力、感知数据库可用性、感知元数据标准可用性、数据共享态度等10个方面探讨科研人员角度的数据共享，分析各因素之间的关系，构建理论模型并提出研究假设。第三，开展实证研究，分别以北京、天津和山东等地的高校和科研院所的社会科研领域，及从事海洋科学领域的科研人员作为调查样本，分别运用探索性和验证性因子分析方法，对所构建模型中各个潜变量的信度和效度进行评价。利用结构方程模型，对研究假设和理论模型进行检验。第四，实证结果表明，个体层面的感知职业获益、感知努力、感知风险和学术利他主义，以及科学数据共享态度是影响科研人员数据共享的关键所在。制度层面中的主观规范压力影响也非常显著，但制度层面的影响因素，包括期刊出版商和资助机构在本研究中没有表现出显著关系。另外技术层面的因素，数据库可用性和元数据标准可用性在社会科学研究领域的表现不显著，但是在海洋科学领域的调查结果却表现出显著关系。第五，选择海洋科学研究领域作为研究案例，通过深入访谈获取调研数据，分析海洋科学数据共享现状，存在问题以及影响因素，得出制度、技术、个体、机构和数据本身五个层面的影响因素，与实证结果互为验证，进一步丰富科学数据共享的影响因素。在此基础上，从国家、学科领域、机构和其他层面提出18个方面的政策建议，以促进我国科学数据共享的实现。 本文的创新主要体现在以下几个方面：（1）将新制度理论引入到科学数据共享研究中，能更好的体现科学数据共享受制度影响的特殊性和复杂性，全面剖析科研人员数据共享影响的内在机理，将新制度理论应用到个人层面，进而推进新制度理论。（2）按步骤形成用于科学数据共享问题研究使用的测量项目，将影响因素分为制度、技术和个体三个层面，感知职业获益等10个方面。（3）构建了个体角度的科学数据共享影响的理论模型和相关假设，基于大样本数据进行实证研究，且分别在社会科学研究领域和海洋科学研究领域进行了验证，丰富和发展了科学数据共享理论研究。（4）有助于计划行为理论的发展，研究结果证明基于个人动机的感知职业获益、感知职业风险、感知努力和数据共享态度与实际的数据共享有直接关系，验证了基于计划行为理论的观点和实际行动之间存在直接的关系。
英文摘要：	As provider and user of scientific data, research of scientific research personnel’s data sharing activity is of great significant. The purpose of this study was to test the influence degree of institutional environment, technical factors and personal motivation to data sharing activity, constructs a theoretical model, the sample data obtained in the social and natural science research field was used to test the model and hypothesis, investigate the influence factors of scientific data sharing behavior. Based on the new institutional theory and the theory of planned behavior and the case study in the field of marine science, this paper forms theoretical framework, puts forward relevant theoretical models and research hypotheses, and obtains the survey data by questionnaire, discusses and analyzes the large sample data by structural equation modeling. At the same time, we carry out the case study of data sharing in the field of marine science, verify each other with the empirical results, further enrich the influence factors of data sharing, combined with empirical research and case study, and put forward the policy suggestions of scientific data sharing. The main contents of this paper are as follows: First, through the review and combing of the literature, it summarizes the shortcomings and progress of the existing research, and clarifies the concepts and relations of the related elements. The feasibility of applying the new institutional theory and the theory of planned behavior in the research of influencing factors of data sharing behavior of researchers is deeply analyzed, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent model construction. Second, by combing influence factors of scientific data sharing, research was carried out from three aspects of system, technology and personal benefit, and ten dimensions of perceived risk, perceived occupation, occupation perception efforts, academic altruism, subjective norm, perceived stress and perceived perception of the journal publisher funding agency pressure, perceived database usability and metadata standard usability and data sharing attitude. Based on the theory of new system and the theory of planned behavior, the concept model of data sharing behavior of scientific researchers is put forward. Third, The relationship between the various factors was analyzed, the theoretical model was constructed and the research hypothesis was put forward. Taking researchers from universities and research institutes of social scientific and natural science as samples, using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, evaluate the reliability and validity of the latent variables in the model. The structural equation analysis is used to test the conceptual model, and the hypothesis is tested empirically, and the empirical results and hypotheses are discussed and compared. Fourfth, the results show that perceived occupational benefits, perceived effort, perceived risk and academic altruism at the individual level, as well as the sharing attitude of scientific data, are the key factors that influence the data sharing behavior of researchers. The influence of subjective norm pressure on institutional level is also very significant, but there are no significant correlations between institutional factors, including journal publishers and funding agencies. Besides, the usability of technology and the usability of metadata standard in social science research field are not significant, but the findings in marine science show a significant relationship. Fifth, the research field of marine science is selected as the research case, through in-depth interview to obtain research data, analyze the current situation, problems and influencing factors of marine scientific data sharing, and draw five factors of the system, technology, individual, organization and data itself, and verify each other with the empirical results, and further enrich the data. The influencing factors of sharing. On this basis, 18 policy recommendations are put forward from the national, disciplinary, institutional and other levels to promote the realization of scientific data sharing in China. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) the introduction of new Institutional Theory to the scientific data sharing behavior, the particularity and complexity of scientific data sharing system can better reflected. The new system theory is applied to the individual level, and promote the development of new institutional theory .(2) According to the steps, measurement items of scientific data sharing behavior were established and used in the project, the influencing factors are divided into three aspects: system, technology and individual, and 10 aspects of perceived professional benefit, etc. (3) A theoretical model of scientific data sharing behavior and related assumptions were constructed, an empirical study based on large sample data was applied, and was validated in social science research and science research field respectively, enriched and developed the theory of scientific data sharing. (4) It is helpful to the development of the theory of planned behavior. The research results show that perceived benefit, perceived risk, perceived efforts and attitude which based on individual motivation and actual data sharing behavior has a direct relationship, verified the existence of a direct relationship between the theory of planned behavior based on the views and the actual behavior.
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